Data from self-report tools cannot be readily compared between cultures due to culturally specific ways of using a response scale. As such, anchoring vignettes have been proposed as a suitable methodology for correcting against this difference. We developed anchoring vignettes for the Big Five Inventory-44 (BFI-44) to supplement its Likert-type response options. Based on two samples (Rwanda: n ...

Popular media describe adverse effects of helicopter parents who provide intense support to grown children, but few studies have examined implications of such intense support. Grown children (N = 592, M age = 23.82 years, 53% female, 35% members of racial/ethnic minority groups) and their parents (n = 399, M age = 50.67 years, 52% female; 34% members of racial/ethnic minority groups) reported o...

Several theories of stress exposure, including the stress process and the family stress model for economically disadvantaged families, suggest that family processes work similarly across race/ethnic groups. Much of this research, however, treats African-Americans as a monolithic group and ignores potential differences in family stress processes within race that may emerge across ethnic groups. ...

Background: Researches on attachment theory shows that attachment styles influence marital adjustment. However, some psychological factors moderate this correlation. The present study was aimed to examine the moderating role of defense mechanisms in the association between attachment styles and levels of marital adjustment. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study collected data from a co...

Whereas the objectives of a strip adjustment procedure are simple to define, namely improving the accuracy of laser data and creating a seamless dataset, achieving them is difficult. Complex data acquisition systems and data that carry only little information are two aspects that make the formulation of a strip adjustment model difficult. Furthermore, difficulties in processing the data manuall...