Movement disorders are a diverse group of hypokinetic and hyperkinetic neurologic diseases characterized by abnormal function of the basal ganglia. In this chapter, we will discuss the four most common diagnoses encountered in subspecialty movement disorders clinics: Parkinson disease, essential tremor, dystonia, and spasticity. The presentation and natural history of each of these disorders va...

α-Synuclein is a key protein in Parkinson disease. Not only is it the major protein component of Lewy bodies, but it is implicated in several cellular processes that are disrupted in Parkinson disease. Misfolded α-synuclein has also been shown to spread from cell-to-cell and, in a prion-like fashion, trigger aggregation of α-synuclein in the recipient cell. In this mini-review we explore the ev...

Associations between Lyme disease and certain neurodegenerative diseases have been proposed, but supportive evidence for an association is lacking. Similar geographic distributions would be expected if 2 conditions were etiologically linked. Thus, we compared the distribution of Lyme disease cases in the United States with the distributions of deaths due to Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic latera...

BACKGROUND Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is similar to Parkinson disease in that both disorders have impaired dopamine synthesis and respond to levodopa treatment. Dopa-responsive dystonia differs in that dopamine storage is intact in contrast to Parkinson disease in which it is markedly reduced. OBJECTIVE To examine the short- and long-duration responses to levodopa dosing in subjects with ...

INTRODUCTION Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2 or Dardarin) are considered to be a common cause of autosomal dominant and sporadic Parkinson´s disease, but the prevalence of these mutations varies among populations. OBJECTIVE to analyzed the frequency of the LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation (c.6055 G>A transition) in a sample of Colombian patients. METHODS In the present stud...

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) merupakan penyakit neurodegeneratif progresif yang dapat menimbulkan masalah pada fungsi motorik dan non motorik, salah satunya gangguan keseimbangan. Exergaming sebagai metode rehabilitasi pasien PD berpengaruh terhadap Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh exergaming keseimbangan melalui literature review . Metode digunakan pencarian artikel sumber dat...

OBJECTIVE To examine whether vagotomy decreases the risk of Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS Using data from nationwide Swedish registers, we conducted a matched-cohort study of 9,430 vagotomized patients (3,445 truncal and 5,978 selective) identified between 1970 and 2010 and 377,200 reference individuals from the general population individually matched to vagotomized patients by sex and year...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The thalamus is interconnected with the nigrostriatal system and cerebral cortex and has a major role in cognitive function and sensorimotor integration. The purpose of this study was to determine how regional involvement of the thalamus differs among Parkinson disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine patients with P...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder second to Alzheimer’s disease, affecting 1-2% of individuals over 60 years of age, with a risk that increases with age. Its phenotypic complexity, characterized by motor (resting tremor, bradikinesia, rigidity and postural instability) and non-motor (autonomic dysfunction and cognitive impairment) symptoms...

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative movement disorder. PD was originally attributed to neuronal loss within the substantia nigra pars compacta, and a concomitant loss of dopamine. PD is now thought to be a multisystem disorder that involves not only the dopaminergic system, but other neurotransmitter systems whose role may become more prominent as the disease progresses (...