Pulmonary candidiasis is a rare condition that usually occurs in severely ill patients with underlying immunosuppression. The clinical diagnosis is very rarely confirmed in vivo by lung biopsy.' Total parenteral nutrition is an increasingly common technique for the management ofpatients with intestinal failure. Catheter related sepsis occurs in 2-11% of patients treated by total parenteral nutr...

Long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) carries the risk of progressive liver disease in infants with intestinal failure. Although PN-associated liver disease (PNALD) is multifactorial in etiology, components of soybean oil lipid emulsions have been implicated in the disease’s pathogenesis. Historically, infants with PNALD who were unable to wean from PN to full enteral feeding developed cirrhosis ...

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in preterm infants are a challenge to the care of these fragile patients. HAI-incidence rates range from 6 to 27 infections per 1000 patient-days. Most nosocomial infections are bloodstream infections and of these, the majority is associated with the use of central venous catheters. Many studies identified parenteral nutrition as an independent risk facto...

Main results 20 trials were included (14 RCTs) evaluating 3 types of vaccine: live attenuated aerosol (n=26 369), inactivated aerosol (n=1506), and inactivated parenteral (n=23 628). Live aerosol vaccines were not effective for preventing either type of clinically defined influenza (2 trials). Inactivated vaccines were effective in preventing influenza: both inactivated aerosol and inactivated ...

The outcome of acute osteomyelitis treated with sequential therapy consisting of a short course of parenteral antibiotics, followed by oral antibiotics, was studied. To be considered acute osteomyelitis, related symptoms must have been present for less than 2 weeks before diagnosis. Short-course parenteral antibiotics (therapy for 7 days or less) and then oral antibiotics were used to treat 29 ...

background the association between smoking and tuberculosis (tb), which has been proven in multiple studies with different study population ethnicity, has not yet received sufficient attention in terms of tb control. objectives the aim of the present study was to determine the association between tb and cigarette smoking in southeastern iran, an endemic area for tuberculosis. patients and metho...

Patient morbidity and mortality have resulted from incorrectly prepared or contaminated pharmacy-prepared products. 1–7 Pharmacists seldom know that inaccurate or contaminated products are dispensed when pharmacy quality monitors are inadequate. 8–10 In contemporary health care organizations, more patients are receiving compounded sterile products that are stored for extended periods before use...

Parenteral (Gk, para enteron, beside the intestine) dosage forms differ from all other drug dosage forms, because they are injected directly into body tissue through the primary protective systems of the human body, the skin, and mucous membranes. They must be exceptionally pure and free from physical, chemical, and biological contaminants. These requirements place a heavy responsibility on the...