Enteral nutrition (EN) gives a legacy of under nutrition in intensive care patients but few appreciate that parenteral nutrition (PN) carries the other risk of overfeeding if used injudiciously. Over-feeding presents a significant metabolic stress but tight glycaemic control is now masking the traditional warning signs and does not on its own negate the need to give patients the right amount at...

Introduction: Developing accurate reference values to evaluate postnatal weight changes in the smallest, most preterm infants remains a challenge for clinical investigators. While survival of extremely preterm infants continues to improve, greater prematurity can increase the severity and variability of clinical disease, leading to the difficulty of identifying norms for this group. Reliable gr...

Patients with intestinal failure (IF) and home parenteral nutrition commonly develop abnormal liver function tests. The presentations of IF-associated liver disease (IFALD) range from mild cholestasis or steatosis to cirrhosis and decompensated liver disease. We describe the reversal of IFALD in an adult patient with IF secondary to severe Crohn's disease and multiple small bowel resections. Th...

Enteral supplementation for nutritional support in pediatric oncology patients remains nonstandardized across institutions and between providers. Pediatric oncology patients frequently fail to meet their growth curve percentiles, lose weight, and/or are malnourished due to both the oncologic process as well as side effects from chemotherapy and radiation treatments. Methods of increasing weight...

A retrospective study of infant deaths in this maternity hospital carried out from 1976-86 showed a recent increase in fatalities with systemic candidiasis. Ten of twenty five cases occurred between July 1985 and June 1986. Most of these infants had Candida plugging pulmonary vessels, often accompanied by vasculitis, thrombosis, and parenteral lipid embolism. The adoption of central venous cath...

In this study, we have prospectively recorded healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in NICU and found incidence density as 18 infections per 1000 patient days. Of the infections, 51.3% was bacteriemia (BSI), and 45.1% was ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Gram-negative microorganisms were predominant in VAP and Staphylococcus epidermidis was the leading microorganism (53.0% of BSIs) in B...

Parenteral nutrition-associated metabolic bone disease in children is manifested primarily as osteopenia and, on occasion, fractures. The etiology is likely multifactorial, with calcium and phosphate deficiency playing a major role in the preterm infant and with the role of aluminum toxicity yet to be clearly defined in this population. Lack of normal values of bone histomorphometry in the prem...

The lungs of 482 liveborn infants were examined at necropsy for the presence of intravascular lipid. Forty one patients had received parenteral feeding (including lipid emulsion in 30), and 441 had died before starting feeds or had received enteral feeds alone. Tissue was processed into wax and then stained with Sudan black; intravascular lipid was found in 15 of 30 infants who had received int...

Results 133 male and 87 female patients were included. 151 patients reached the target caloric intake.Mean target calorie was 1579 kcal/d in the adequate caloric intake group, and 1739 kcal/d in insufficient caloric intake group (p < 0.001).The number of comorbidities in both groups were similar (1.91 ± 1.07/1.87 ± 1.00; p >0.05).According to logistic regression analysis parenteral nutrition an...