Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection characterized by cyst formation in any organ, although the liver and lungs are most commonly involved. Hydatid disease of the spleen is uncommon, representing <8% of all human hydatid diseases. Splenic hydatid cysts usually coexist with liver hydatid cysts (secondary form), although the spleen is the primary location (primary form) in some cases. The cli...

Calcified biological objects are occasionally found at archaeological sites and can be challenging to identify. This paper undertakes the differential diagnosis of what we suggest is an Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst from an 8000-year-old mortuary site called Shamanka II in the Lake Baikal region of Siberia. Echinococcus is a parasitic tapeworm that needs two hosts to complete its life cy...

Within the phylum Nematoda, plant-parasitism is hypothesized to have arisen independently on at least four occasions. The most economically damaging plant-parasitic nematode species, and consequently the most widely studied, are those that feed as they migrate destructively through host roots causing necrotic lesions (migratory endoparasites) and those that modify host root tissue to create a n...

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation caused by Echinococcus granulosus larvae. It endemic in subtropical and tropical regions, such as the Mediterranean, Middle East, South America, Africa Australia. The liver lungs are most often affected organes. Cardiac involvement very uncommon. We report case of 60-year-old patient with cardiac hydatid cyst that presented acute tamponade. subsequentl...

Toxoplasma gondii establishes a chronic infection by forming cysts preferentially in the brain. This chronic infection is one of the most common parasitic infections in humans and can be reactivated to develop life-threatening toxoplasmic encephalitis in immunocompromised patients. Host-pathogen interactions during the chronic infection include growth of the cysts and their removal by both natu...

We describe a rare case of intradural-extramedullary primary spinal cysticercosis. A 42-year-old man visited our institute for lower back pain. He denied having consumed raw meet. Magnetic resonance (MR) images revealed an intradural pure cystic mass at the L3-L4 level. A radiologic diagnosis of spinal arachnoid cyst was established. Three years later, he complained of aggravated back pain, and...

One of the reasons for the progressive yield decline observed in cereals production is the rapid build-up of populations of the cereal cyst nematode (CCN, Heterodera avenae). These nematodes secrete so-call effectors into their host plant to suppress the plant defense responses, alter plant signaling pathways and then induce the formation of syncytium after infection. However, little is known a...

Plant Parasitic Nematodes are small worm like transparent, bilateral symmetry, pseudocoelomate, multicellular, free living or parasitic microorganism which predatory, aquatic, terrestrial, entopathogenic, ectoparasite, endoparasite, semi-endoparasite sedentary. They cause substantial problems to major crops throughout the world, including vegetables, fruits, and grain crops. The root knot cyst ...