The element phosphorus (P) is essential to all life (e.g. plants, animals and bacteria) and is a key ingredient in fertilizers to sustain high crop yields. However, the lifetime of exploitable reserves of natural ore deposits containing P is estimated to range from the next few decades to several hundreds of years, since P is intensively used in agriculture and other industries. The use of P yi...

This study aimed to produce bacterial cellulose from paper waste sludge (PWS) as a method of utilizing the source remaining pulp in material. Initially, PWS was hydrolyzed by sulfuric acid create an enriched-reducing sugar hydrolysate. One-factor experiments were conducted with fixed amount (5 g) investigate influence hydrolysis conditions, including water, addition, temperature, and retention ...

Abstract While California has ideal weather for many activities, beaches, and mountains, the water shortage in state caused challenges its growing population. The implemented some saving measures but must do more to meet needs as population continues increase. This paper explores what been done might be seek sources of water. Existing literature tends examine individual options, instead perform...

Every day, people’s appreciation for handmade products is increasing. This in part due to facilitation from the government of many exhibitions that support development SME and provides opportunities them stand out. One way get attention raise social issues, including environmental issues. The accumulation waste left over human consumption something must be considered. 3R principle (reduce, reus...

Infrastructure for the provision of drinking water and the treatment of wastewater and stormwater, is essential for an urban society. In this project methods are developed which measure and assess the sustainability of urban water systems. A first set of environmental sustainability indicators (ESIs) was constructed, covering technical and environmental aspects, with a division within tradition...