4 Non-technical summary 5 7 2 10 2.1 Sectors and aggregation 10 2.2 Relative prices 11 2.3 Real exchange rate and sectoral productivity shocks 12 2.4 Nominal rigidity and aggregate supply 14 3 Autonomous monetary policy 15 4 The currency union 17 4.1 Determination of union-wide output and prices 18 4.2 Currency union’s welfare 19 4.3 Reference member state’s welfare 20 5 Relative performance an...

The paper investigates the impact of EMU on foreign direct investment flows. Using the option value approach to investment decisions, it is possible to show how exchange rate uncertainty hinders cross-border investment flows. By permanently fixing bilateral exchange rates, a currency union can then be expected to spur international investment. Results from a gravity model on a sample of OECD co...

How volatile is the euro currency? Given Ireland’s open economy status and its strong trading dependency on economies outside the euro area, understanding this question is vital. The paper analyses the volatility levels facing Irish economic agents by comparing the experiences from membership of the European Monetary System (EMS) through to the new single currency. The focus is on measuring vol...

This paper addresses two questions: (i) how do governments actually pay for the Þscal costs associated with currency crises; and (ii) what are the implications of different Þnancing methods for post-crisis rates of inßation and depreciation? We study these questions using a general equilibrium model in which a currency crisis is triggered by prospective government deÞcits. We then use our model...

Nineteen recent studies have investigated the effect of currency union on trade, resulting in 383 point estimates of the effect. This paper is a quantitative attempt to summarize the current state of debate; meta-analysis is used to combine the disparate estimates. The chief findings are that: a) the hypothesis that there is no effect of currency union on trade can be rejected at standard signi...

The increasing volatility in pricing and growing potential for profit in digital currency have made predicting the price of cryptocurrency a very attractive research topic. Several studies have already been conducted using various machine-learning models to predict crypto currency prices. This study presented in this paper applied a classic Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average(ARIMA) model ...

AUL SAMUELSON’S OVERLAPPING generations model is a classic in modern economic literature. It has enjoyed a renaissance in the last decade or so as a framework for analyzing fundamental issues in many areas of economics, including pure theory, public finance and, of special concern for this paper, monetary theory.’ Samuelson’s (1958) model continues to attract interest in the latter field becaus...

This paper provides a preliminary formulation of a new currency based on knowledge. Through a literature review of alternative currencies, various properties and benefits are selected that we hope will enable such a currency to be created. Nowadays not only money but also knowledge is necessary to do business. For instance, knowledge about markets and consumers is highly valuable but difficult ...

This simple paper models the production allocation choices of a multinational enterprise (MNE) in a three-country framework -a northern country and two southern countries. The products made in the southern countries are of lower quality, and have higher substitutability than those between the south and the north. We investigate how exchange rates affect production, employment, profits and welfa...