CMM found its genesis in Software Engineering Institute (SEI), Carnegie Mellon University, USA . It was formulated mainly because the existing ISO standard was not suitable for the Software Industry. Today CMM is widely used and is considered to be the most prestigious standard in software industry. USA and Indian software companies were the first to adopt CMM. However given the cultural simila...

1Department of Mathematics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan 2Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan 3Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan 4Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics (NAAM) Research Group, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science...

Zahir ALI1, 2 Muhammad SHAKIR3 1 Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), Karachi, PAKISTAN 2 University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), Enschede, THE NETHERLANDS 3 National Centre for Remote Sensing and Geo-Informatics (NCRG), Institute of Space Technology, Karachi, PAKISTAN E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], mshakirgeo...

background: the survey for the prevalence of different species of cattle hyalomma ticks was carried out in three districts (rawalpindi, multan and lahore) of punjab province in pakistan. the bionomical conditions suitable for hyalomma were also studied in laboratory. methods:  one hundred specimens of ticks of different genera were collected from each district. after identification, the hyalomm...

overall 10389 snails were collected from four study areas of punjab from november 2005 to october2006. the highest prevalence (38%) was found for indoplanorbis followed by physa (17%), bellamaya(10.3%), gyraulus (10%), lymnaea (9.2%), oncomelania (9%) and the lowest was found for bulinus (6.7%).only indoplanorbis snails were found to be positive for schistosoma bovis cercaria. correlation betwe...

The paper in the study of poverty in Pakistan is aimed at the analysis of macroeconomic determinants of poverty. It reviews the empirical literature on poverty in Pakistan over the last thirty years. The literature varies from published research papers to the different reports produced by the national and the international institutions. It also estimates the impact of different causes of povert...

Muhammad Adnan SHAHID*, Rashad Mukhtar BALAL, Muhammad Aslam PERVEZ, Tahira ABBAS, Muhammad Anjum AQEEL, Muhammad Mansoor JAVAID, Francisco GARCIA-SANCHEZ Department of Horticulture, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan Department of Entomology, University College ...

Background: Chemical exposure is a major health problem globally. Poison control centers (PCCs) play a leading role both in developed and developing countries in the prevention and control of poisonous chemical exposures. In this study, we aimed to assess the current state of PCCs in Pakistan and highlight capacity building needs in these centers. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of the two re...

High expenditure and increasing health care costs are prime concerning factors in the health care system globally. In some of the developing countries WHO reported out-of-pocket payments as high as 80% of health care spending.1 At present Pakistan is spending only 1.2% of GDP on pharmaceuticals and despite more than 40000 registered brands in the country2 essential and life-saving drugs are mis...