Generating explanations and making comparisons have both been shown to improve learning. While each process has been studied individually, the relationship between explanation and comparison is not well understood. Three experiments evaluated the effectiveness of explanation and comparison prompts in learning novel categories. In Experiment 1, participants explained items’ category membership, ...

An important aspect of pairwise sequence comparison is assessing the statistical significance of the alignment. Most of the currently popular alignment programs report the statistical significance of an alignment in context of a database search. This database statistical significance is dependent on the database, and hence, the same alignment of a pair of sequences may be assessed different sta...

Ever since the birth of data envelopment analysis (DEA) the question of ranking the decision making units (DMUs) has been one of the focal points of research in the area. Among several other approaches, promising attempts have been made to marry DEA with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Keeping the idea of using DEA-based pairwise comparisons between the DMUs, as proposed in some DE...

0020-0255/$ see front matter 2008 Elsevier Inc doi:10.1016/j.ins.2008.05.028 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +886 7 6577711x65 E-mail addresses: [email protected], dr.deor@g The lack of consistency in decision making can lead to inconsistent conclusions. In fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP) method, it is difficult to ensure a consistent pairwise comparison. Furthermore, establishing a ...

Extensions and variants are given for the well-known comparison principle of Gaussian processes based on ordering by pairwise distance.

Analysis of carcinogenicity data generally involves a trend test across all dose groups and a pairwise comparison of the high dose group with the control. The most commonly used test for a positive trend is the Cochran-Armitage test. This test is asymptotically normal. For the pairwise comparison of the high dose group with the control group, we propose two modifications: the first modification...

We present an approach based on linear programming (LP) that estimates the weights for a pairwise comparison matrix generated within the framework of the analytic hierarchy process. Our approach makes sense for a number of reasons, which we discuss. We apply our LP approach to several sample problems and compare our results to those produced by other, widely used methods. In addition, we extend...

Beta diversity is one of most important features in community ecology. Indices for pairwise comparison of beta diversity have been extensively developed, but the ones specifically designed for multiple-site comparison of beta diversity are still limited. Currently, by compiling all the available metrics based on the previous literature, plus some new metrics developed in the present report, we ...

3 Results 6 3.1 Fully observed variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.2 Partially observed variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.3 Pairwise comparisons between methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.3.1 Comparison of bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.3.2 Comparison of precision . . . . . ...