Results: A total of 85 subjects (31 female and 54 male) with a mean age of 35.1 ± 11.4 years were enrolled. Th ere was no signifi cant diff erence between the groups in terms of mean age, height, or body weight (P > 0.05). Th e mean body mass index (BMI) of the participants was 26.55 kg/m2. While the BMR was found to be lower, resistance was higher in patients in the inactive group (P < 0.05 fo...

The solar dipole moment at cycle minimum is considered to be the most successful precursor for amplitude of subsequent cycle. Numerical simulations surface flux transport (SFT) model are widely used effectively predict minimum. Recently an algebraic method has been proposed quickly contribution active region (AR) axial instead SFT simulations. However, assumes a bipolar magnetic (BMR) configura...

Benchmark analysis is a widely used tool in quantitative risk analysis. A core operation therein is estimation of minimum exposure levels, called Benchmark Doses (BMDs), that induce a pre-specified, adverse, Benchmark Response (BMR) in the target population or system. This approach is well understood when a single hazardous stimulus is studied. Deutsch and Piegorsch (2013) expand the estimation...

Helox (79% helium and 21% oxygen) has often been used for thermobiological studies, primarily because helium is thought to be metabolically inert and to produce no adverse effects other than increasing heat loss. However, these assumptions have been questioned. As basal metabolic rate (BMR) represents maintenance energy requirements for vital body functions, potential physiological effects of h...

The hypothesis that the energy cost of human pregnancy can be minimized by energy-sparing metabolic adaptations was tested using serial 24 h whole-body calorimetry. Eight healthy, well-nourished women were studied prepregnant and at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 weeks gestation. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) showed highly characteristic changes within each subject and large inter-individual differences...

We conducted a meta-analysis of 45 studies reporting basal metabolic rate (BMR) data for Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes to determine the effects of sex, age, and latitude (a proxy for climate, in humans only). BMR was normalized for body size using fat-free mass in humans and body mass in chimpanzees. We found no effect of sex in either species and no age effect in chimpanzees. In humans, juv...

We studied the relationship between one component of immune function and basal metabolic rate (BMR), an indicator of the 'pace-of-life syndrome', among 12 tropical bird species and among individuals of the tropical house wren (Troglodytes aedon), to gain insights into functional connections between life history and physiology. To assess constitutive innate immunity we introduced a new technique...

Mammals exposed to low temperatures increase their metabolic rate to maintain constant body temperature and thus compensate for heat loss. This high and costly energetic demand can be mitigated through thermoregulatory behavior such as social grouping or huddling, which helps to decrease metabolic rate as function of the numbers of individuals grouped. Sustained low temperatures in endothermic ...

Even though molt involves both endocrine and energetic changes in bird bodies, this study is among the first to combine assessments of energy costs together with thyroid hormone variations in molting birds. Individual shorebirds (red knots Calidris canutus islandica) were measured while in full summer and winter plumage as well as during peak of molt. Molt was associated with a 9.8% increase in...