Three expert jugglers and three intermediate jugglers performed a three-ball cascade pattern under spatially and temporally constrained conditions. In the spatially constrained conditions the balls were thrown to a specific height, whereas in the temporally constrained conditions the balls were thrown to the beeps of a metronome. The experiment was conducted to examine the hypothesis that juggl...

When learning to walk, it has been suggested that humans transition from discrete, aperiodic steps to a periodic gait in order to conserve energy and increase stability. It is possible this same factors apply when humans perform complex movements with their upper limbs. For instance, when a basketball player practices free throws or a tennis player hits many serves in a row, the time between th...

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the acute effects of a complex throwing intervention set-up, with light or heavy loads, on the service velocity of elite junior tennis players. METHODS On 3 separate test days, 13 elite juniors (mean (SD) 12.3 (0.8) years, 149 (9) cm, 37.5 (5.5) kg) performed four sets of six serves with different between-set conditions. In a cross-over design...

This study aims to improve the ability catch in children using ball thrower learning media. The method used this was experimental a one-group pretest-posttest design. research conducted manipulative motion throwing To measure and find out results of data obtained by researchers statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software. sample upper-grade elementary school students. Twenty student...

Background: Baseball pitchers adopt a backswing motion to accelerate forward swing of the arm and project ball. However, knowledge about movement for delivering fast pitch has not been accumulated enough. Objective: This study aimed identify kinematic parameters associated with differences in speed pitches capture joint kinematics throwing phase. Methodology: Based on quasi-experimental design,...

We studied coordination across body parts in throwing during adaptation to prisms. Human subjects threw balls at a target before, during, and after wearing laterally shifting prism eyeglasses. Positions of head, shoulders, arm, and ball were video-recorded continuously. We computed body angles of eyes-in-head, head-on-trunk, trunk-on-arm, and arm-on-ball. In each subject, the gaze-throw adjustm...

Article history: Received 30 January 2012 Received in revised form 13 June 2013 Accepted 21 June 2013 Available online 18 July 2013 Wepresent amethod for offline optimal control of a two-link ball pitching robot with the aim of throwing a ball as far as possible. The pitching robot is connected to a motor via a non-linear torsional spring at the shoulder joint. The elbow joint is passive and lo...