Collagen biosynthesis occurs in the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER) and many molecular chaperones and folding enzymes are involved in this process. The folding mechanism of type I procollagen has been well characterized and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) has been suggested as a key player in the formation of the correct disulfide bonds in the non-collagenous carboxy-terminal and aminotermi...

Mitochondrial dysfunction including that caused by oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1), a cytosolic thiol disulfide oxido-reductase, reduces glutathionylated proteins to protein thiols and helps maintain redox status of proteins during oxidative stress. Grx1 downregulation aggravates mitochondrial dysfunction in animal mo...

In the title organic-inorganic hybrid compound, (C5H7N2)2[ReVW4O19]·7H2O, the Lindqvist-type polyoxido anion has crystallographically imposed mm2 symmetry and is built up by six MO6 (M = W, V, Re) edge-sharing distorted octa-hedra. The Re and V atoms share the same crystallographic site in a 0.5:0.5 ratio. The 4-amino-pyridinium cations lie on a mirror plane. Three of the four independent water...

Azole resistance in Candida albicans can be due to upregulation of multidrug transporters belonging to ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters (CDR1 and CDR2) or major facilitators (CaMDR1). Upregulation of these genes can also be achieved by exposure to fluphenazine, resulting in specific upregulation of CDR1 and CDR2 and by exposure to benomyl, resulting in specific CaMDR1 upregulation. In th...

There mainly exists four major myosin heavy chains (MyHC) (i.e., I, IIa, IIx, and IIb) in growing pigs. The current study aimed to explore the effects of low-protein diets supplemented with varying branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on muscle fiber characteristics and the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α axis in skeletal muscles. Forty growing pigs (9.85 ± 0.35 kg) were allotted to 5 groups and fed with diets...