Novel thermo- and pH-dual responsive amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized based on hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PEI) by grafting L-phenylalanine. The phenylalanine-modified PEI exhibited lower cytotoxicity than commercial PEI. These copolymers showed the phenomena of phase transitions in response to pH and temperature. The dilute copolymer solution at lower pH displayed the higher LCST. F...

Post-translational processing of the precursor for rat gastrin yields products that include peptides phosphorylated at Ser96, amidated at Phe92, and sulfated at Tyr87 or Tyr103. The phosphorylation site is immediately adjacent to the processing point that gives rise to the biologically active amidated gastrins. We have examined changes in post-translational processing which occur in gastrin cel...

Cobyric acid synthetase (CbiP) from Salmonella typhimurium catalyzes the glutamine and ATP-dependent amidation of carboxylates b, d, e, and g within adenosyl cobyrinic acid a,c-diamide. After each round of catalysis the partially amidated intermediates are released into solution and the four carboxylates are amidated in the sequential order of e, d, b, and g for the wild type enzyme. In the pre...

A facile strategy based on the amidation reaction of anhydride and NH(2) group in carbon nitride polymer is developed to synthesize a new polymeric photocatalyst which responds to visible-light. The high photocatalytic activity may be due to the coupling anhydride groups promoting the separation of the photoinduced electrons and holes.