In this paper, the motivations of R&D by multinationals are investigated by using a large firm level dataset from Chinese official statistics on science and technology activities. Growing intensity of R&D activities is found both for foreign owned and domestic firms. But, it is also found that the R&D intensity at foreign owned firms is relatively smaller. This may be due to the fact that forei...

Ho-Chunk, Inc. is a successful tribal economic development corporation. It is wholly owned by the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska. The company has won several national awards for excellence in tribal economic development. Due to these awards, over 30 tribes have visited Winnebago. Because of these visits and the system of internal innovation at Ho-Chunk, Inc. a blue print of what a Tribe needs to d...

The Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterpises (SMOBE) is a sample survey conducted every five years which provides estimates of the number, receipts, employment, and payroll of minority-owned U.S. companies. The sample for SMOBE is drawn from a universe of businesses stratified by state, industry, and the presumed race of owner(s). Selected businesses are canvassed for the race and ethnicity...

Most of the existing empirical literature on franchising investigates the share of company-owned versus franchised establishments within large retail firms. This literature typically has not considered the decision of a business owner to operate an independent business or to become a franchisee. This paper empirically analyzes what determines whether independent ownership or affiliation is obse...

This article is about China’s outward foreign direct investment, a relatively new but fast-growing feature of the global economy. It is causing concern and uncertainty in many recipient countries that, more generally, happily welcome foreign direct investment. The author explores some of the reasons why. The article examines, in particular, the state ownership and management of major Chinese co...

Bank privatization and tighter credit enforcement are believed indispensable to facilitate the Eastern European transition process. We analyze lending by value-maximizing banks, the only source of capital in the transition, faced by non-performing loans to the state-owned sector. We show that banks have a perverse incentive to fund former debtors, although less efficient and more risky, because...

This paper provides empirical evidence on the determinants of foreign ownership in manufacturing industries. Foreign ownership, according to the theory of international production, is the result of the combination of comparative and competitive advantage. An adequate examination of the ownership structure of an industry requires the ability to establish empirically the extent to which internati...

This paper presents an empirical analysis of “outsourcing” using establishment level data for UK manufacturing industries. We analyse an establishment’s decision to outsource and the subsequent effects of outsourcing on the establishment’s productivity. Our empirical results suggest that high wages are positively related to outsourcing, suggesting that the cost saving motive is important. We al...

Along with the success of the second Spanish Industrial Revolution, it was established one of the most important ceramics factories in Europe specialized in high resistance and quality floor tile. The great Royal Families of the moment such as Amadeo de Saboya (king of Spain), Imperial Hohenzollern family, Romanov (Imperial Russian family) and general Prim, came around to its installations for ...

Using detailed micro data from the Indonesian manufacturing sector, we examine the effect on productivity of direct foreign investment. The results suggest that direct foreign investment benefits locally owned establishments. The effect differs between groups of industries. Spillovers from DFI are found in sectors with a high degree of competition. The result suggests that the degree of competi...