We investigate the mechanisms controlling the evolution of Southern Ocean carbon storage under a future climate warming scenario. A subset of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models predicts that the inventory of biologically sequestered carbon south of 40°S increases about 18–34PgC by 2100 relative to the preindustrial condition. Sensitivity experiments with an ocean circulation a...

A coupled air–sea general circulation model is used to simulate the global circulation. Different parameterizations of lateral mixing in the ocean by eddies, horizontal, isopycnal, and isopycnal plus eddy advective flux, are compared from the perspective of water mass transformation in the Southern Ocean. The different mixing physics imply different buoyancy equilibria in the surface mixed laye...

Financial crises are widely argued to be due to herd behavior. Yet recently developed models of herd behavior have been subjected to two critiques which seem to make them inapplicable to financial crises. Herds disappear from these models if two of their unappealing assumptions are modified: if their zero-one investment decisions are made continuous and if their investors are allowed to trade a...

A decade-mean global ocean circulation is estimated using inverse techniques, incorporating air–sea fluxes of heat and freshwater, recent hydrographic sections, and direct current measurements. This information is used to determine mass, heat, freshwater, and other chemical transports, and to constrain boundary currents and dense overflows. The 18 boxes defined by these sections are divided int...

A parameterization for the restratification by finite-amplitude, submesoscale, mixed layer eddies, formulated as an overturning streamfunction, has been recently proposed to approximate eddy fluxes of density and other tracers. Here, the technicalities of implementing the parameterization in the coarseresolution ocean component of global climate models are made explicit, and the primary impacts...

Holocene ocean circulation is poorly understood due to sparsity of dateable marine archives with submillennial-scale resolution. Here we present a record of mid-depth water radiocarbon contents in the Northwest (NW) Pacific Ocean over the last 12.000 years, which shows remarkable millennial-scale variations relative to changes in atmospheric radiocarbon inventory. Apparent decoupling of these v...

A full scale slice of a 7 story reinforced concrete building was tested on the shake table at the UCSD Engelkirk Structural Research Centre in 2006. As part of the research project, a blind prediction contest was sponsored to assess the capability of currently available analysis procedures to predict the seismic response of cantilever reinforced concrete shear wall structures. This paper descri...

The question of whether architectural creativity is more of an artistic or engineering nature is one with a long history but also one with no conclusive answer. The art camp would argue that technology should be treated as a means towards and end, and that technology alone cannot give meaning to our lives. The engineering camp on the other hand would argue that good problem-solving result...

The relationship between the anchorage mechanics and root architecture of Pinus peuce was investigated by carrying out winching tests and examining excavated root systems of 20 mature trees. The root system was dominated by 6.1 ± 1.3 lateral roots, more than 70% of the lateral root cross sectional area (CSA) being distributed in the uppermost 10 cm of soil. Anchorage strength was related to the...

It is more common to introduce the parapet/recurve/wave return wall over existing structure, such as a vertical seawall or composite reduce overtopping efficiently. The advantage of recurve on top sea has been studied in past regards wave interaction and overtopping. However, their efficiency protecting inland structure during extreme events flooding tsunami unexplored. present study addresses ...