Bats are one of the most successful mammalian groups, even though their foraging activities are restricted to the hours of twilight and night-time. Some studies suggested that bats became nocturnal because of overheating when flying in daylight. This is because--in contrast to feathered wings of birds--dark and naked wing membranes of bats efficiently absorb short-wave solar radiation. We hypot...

A new entity called "implant periapical lesion" has recently been described. This lesion could be the result of, for example, bone overheating, implant overloading, presence of a preexisting infection or residual root fragments and foreign bodies in the bone, contamination of the implant, or implant placement in an infected maxillary sinus. This case report describes a titanium implant that was...

Burn-on and penetration defects in steel casting are principally caused by localised overheating of the sand mould or cores. Such overheating can cause liquid metal to compromise the mould surface and entrain onto the surface of the mould. A method has been developed to predict likely burn-on and penetration defect locations as part of a standard casting simulation. The method relies on determi...

Average temperatures worldwide are expected to continue to rise. At the same time, major cities in developing countries are becoming increasingly populated and polluted. Governments are tasked with the problem of overheating and air quality in residential buildings. This paper presents the development of a model, which is able to estimate the occupant exposure to extreme temperatures and high a...

The Chinese economy showed the sign of overheating in the spring of 1993. As a countermeasure of overheating, the Chinese government began to implement a retrenchment program in July 1993 and the program lasted until 1997. The economic growth rate did not drop sharply because the program resulted in a soft-landing. The economic growth rate began a gradual slowdown in 1995 but has been maintaine...

fouling is one of the main parameters in design of any exchanger. ignoring this parameter causes problems such as overheating or under- heating of process streams. in this article a heat exchanger network was designed using process streams data in cdu of tehran refinery. then using tema fouling factors, network exchangers were designed and area and cost were estimated. by changing fouling facto...