We develop a general equilibrium model with financial frictions in which equity and credit have different rates of return. Financial development raises the loan rate but has a non-monotonic effect on the equity return. We then show in a two-country model that capital account liberalization leads to outflow of financial capital from the country with less developed financial system. However, the ...

1. In hay-fed, cannulated sheep the apparent degradation in and outflow from the rumen were determined for graded doses of mixtures of the amino acids lysine, threonine and methionine, administered intraruminally and using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a liquid marker. The doses ranged between 2.5 and 15 g for each amino acid in the mixtures. 2. Relative rate of apparent degradation in the first...

[1] We investigate the ion population and energy distribution within Ganymede’s magnetosphere by examining Ganymede’s ionospheric outflow as a source of heavy (O) and light (H) ions and the Jovian magnetospheric plasma as an external source of heavy ions. We develop a method for examining the energy distributions of each ion species in a three-dimensional multifluid simulation in a way directly...

It is important to know the drug distribution following administration of drug in order to properly treat with adequate dosage and thus, avoid damage to tissues due to excessive high concentrations. A computer model was developed to determine drug distribution by convective-diffusive transport processes in a rabbit eye. When compared with pure diffusion within vitreous, the ratio of the amount ...

Most hypobaric hypoxia studies have focused on oxygen delivery and therefore cerebral blood inflow. Few have studied venous outflow. However, the volume of blood entering and leaving the skull (∼700 ml/min) is considerably greater than cerebrospinal fluid production (0.35 ml/min) or edema formation rates and slight imbalances of in- and outflow have considerable effects on intracranial pressure...

Floodplains and river corridor wetlands may be effectively managed for reducing nutrients and carbon. However, our understanding is limited to the reduction potential of these natural riverine systems. This study utilized the long-term (1978–2004) river discharge and water quality records from an upriver and a downriver location of the Atchafalaya River to quantify the inflow, outflow, and infl...

Objectives The accurate measurement of geographic patterns of health care utilization is a prerequisite for the study of geographic variations in health care utilization. While several measures have been developed to measure how accurately geographic units reflect the health care utilization patterns of residents, they have been only applied to hospitalization and need further evaluation. This ...

A passive sampler (the polar organic chemical integrative sampler; POCIS) was assessed for its ability to sample natural estrogens (17β-estradiol, E2; estrone, E1 and estriol, E3) and the synthetic estrogen (17α-ethynylestradiol, EE2) in the outlet of a sewage treatment works over several weeks. The performance of the POCIS was investigated and optimised in the laboratory before field deploymen...

The role of star-formation driven outflows in the obscuration of the central source in the Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) is discussed. The outflow from a sub-parsec scale accretion disc is numerically modelled for parameters appropriate to the Galactic Centre. The resulting obscuration pattern is very patchy, with some lines of sight becoming optically thick to Thomson scattering. A fixed observ...

Large constructed wetlands, known as stormwater treatment areas (STAs), have been deployed to remove phosphorus (P) in drainage waters before discharge into the Everglades in South Florida, USA. Their P removal performance depends on internal P cycling under typically hydrated, but with occasionally desiccated, conditions. We examined the spatial and temporal P removal capacity under different ...