Estimates of susceptibility to inbreeding depression for total fitness are needed predicting the cost and use in population viability analyses, but no such valid estimates available any wild invertebrate population. I estimated number lethals equivalents recently wild-caught populations Drosophila melanogaster using published data on homozygosity versus heterozygosity each major chromosomes (th...

Abstract Transmission between hosts is crucial to the growth, development and reproduction of many parasites. As a consequence, parasites are under selection maximise transmission success exhibit behavioural morphological adaptations that allow detection of, movement between, hosts. However, not determined by alone, but also shaped host behaviours. Often, behaviours function minimise risk expos...

Abstract Many benthic marine invertebrates resemble plants in being modular and either sessile or sedentary, by relying on an external vector to disperse their gametes. These shared features, along with recent evidence of inbreeding these taxa, suggest that theory practice bearing the evolutionary costs benefits for could advance our understanding ecology evolution invertebrate animals. We desc...