The paper states Iterative Translation by Monolinguists (ITM), the new approach to the translation process in which a translation is carried out by persons without a common language who work in a cooperation, i.e. by two monolingists instead of a translator. To prove the effectiveness of the approach, the pilot ITM platform as well as its dedicated extensions for both text translation and insta...

This paper is a sequel to [12]. We are here concerned with properties of theories in full first-order intuitionistic logic; the latter correspond under the identification of theories with categories provided by categorical logic (cf. [8] or [ 1 l]), to Heyting pretoposes, i.e. pretoposes with universal quantification of subobjects along morphisms. Using the lattice-theoretic machinery developed...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study is to present an outline and the principles of Poland's road safety strategic programming as it has developed over the last 25 years since the first Integrated Road Safety System with a strong focus on Sweden's "Vision Zero". RECENT FINDINGS Countries that have successfully improved road safety have done so by following strategies centred around the ide...

It is important both clinically and forensically to gain information to provide an understanding of the veracity of a child’s allegations of sexual abuse. Even though it is reasonable to hypothesize that most allegations are true—children are not infallible and thus some allegations are false. A systematic model of pathways to false allegations—however rare or common—is important because so muc...

Isaac Levi (1980) targets an implicit tension in C.S. Peirce’s epistemology, one that exists between the need to always be open-minded and aware of our propensity to make mistakes so that we do not “block the road of inquiry,” and the need to treat certain beliefs as infallible and to doubt only in a genuine way so that inquiry can proceed in the first place. Attempts at alleviating this tensio...

A prospective study was performed over a 4.5-year period to determine the ability of a sputum Gram stain to predict the cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. A blood culture isolate, rather than a sputum culture, served as the reference standard to provide precise identification of the etiologic agent. The study population comprised 59 bacteremic adults who expectorated a valid sputu...

We present a set of highly parallel (fine grain), general pattern classification algorithms aimed at mimicking pattern identification, classification and learning skills of animals. We cover first an idealized case of supervised learning from an infallible expert, followed by the realistic cases of learning from fallible experts as well as the case of autonomous (i.e. self-supervised) learning....

In his textbook “A Complete Practical Work on the Nature and Treatment of Venereal Diseases”, Homer Bostwick stated that “We do not know of any substance, which, taken into the system, is an antidote to the infection of gonorrheal matter. Such an antidote has been long sought for, and its pretended discovery has been often announced, but we have no good reason to believe that any of these prete...

Ultrasound (US) was used to determine the congruity of the shoulder in 22 children with a deformity of the shoulder secondary to chronic obstetric brachial plexus palsy. There were 11 boys and 11 girls with a mean age of 4.75 years (0.83 to 13.92). The shoulder was scanned in the axial plane using a posterior approach with the arm internally rotated. The humeral head was classified as being eit...

A short story is a work of fiction. prose narrative shorter length thanthe novel, and it usually concentrates on single theme. Many writers preferwriting stories when they want to present significant episode orscene involving limited number characters.
 Writers differ in their style, but agree certain basic elements inwriting the story. Readers also preference, some might prefercrime stori...