Epidermal cysts are common skin tumors that are composed of a cyst wall of epidermal cells and central keratin material. They rarely show ossification. A 68-year-old man was referred to our clinic for evaluation of multiple cysts on his left forehead, left cheek and right shoulder. Histopathological examination revealed that all of the cysts were epidermal cysts, and focal ossification was obse...

INTRODUCTION Heterotopic ossification is the abnormal formation of lamellar bone in soft tissue. Its presence jeopardizes functional outcome, impairs rehabilitation and increases costs due to subsequent surgical interventions. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of a 32-year-old African-American man with trisomy 8 mosaicism who developed severe heterotopic ossification of his right extensor m...

We investigated the relationship between fetal body weight at term (pregnancy day 21) and the extent of ossification of sternum, metacarpus, metatarsus, phalanges (proximal, medial and distal) of fore- and hindlimbs and cervical and coccygeal vertebrae in Wistar rats. The relationships between fetal body weight and sex, intrauterine position, uterine horn, horn size, and litter size were determ...

RATIONALE Retrograde femoral nailing was one of the most important treatment means for distal femoral shaft fracture. However, studies regarding heterotopic ossification of the patellar tendon after retrograde intramedullary nailing for distal femoral shaft fracture are limited. We herein present a rare complication, namely heterotopic ossification of the patellar tendon, after retrograde intra...

We propose a biochemical model describing the formation of primary spongiosa architecture through a bioregulatory model by metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It is assumed that MMP13 regulates cartilage degradation and the VEGF allows vascularization and advances in the ossification front through the presence of osteoblasts. The coupling of this set of m...

Heterotopic ossification associated with neurologic injury, or neurogenic heterotopic ossification, tends to form at major synovial joints surrounded by spastic muscles. It is commonly associated with traumatic brain or spinal cord injury and with other causes of upper motor neuron lesions. Heterotopic ossification can result in a variety of complications, including nerve impingement, joint ank...

BACKGROUND Here we report the first autopsied case involving pathological examination after two resections of symptomatic ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament with anterior osteophytes and etidronate treatment with more than 8 years of follow-up. CASE PRESENTATION A 51-year-old Japanese man complained of severe dysphagia due to esophageal compression by ossification of his anter...

The primary focus of this article is to review intramembranous bone development, that is, ossification that takes place directly. Comparisons with endochondral ossification (ossification with a cartilage precursor) will be made in order to illustrate the differences between these two modes of ossification and to highlight the comparatively sparse information that is available about intramembran...

Heterotopic ossification is the calcification of the soft tissues with increased calcium accumulation in that tissue. The imaging characteristics are well defined because it is a well-known documented entity. However the metabolic characteristics are less well known due to the relatively recent development of the PET/CT modality. Previous reports in tissues elsewhere the body confirms that the ...