By using real-time quantitative PCR, the population dynamics and gene transcription of Borrelia burgdorferi were examined in ticks and skin of mice during acquisition of the infection from mice by ticks and during transmission of the infection from ticks to mice. Population dynamics were determined by using a flaB DNA target. A quantitative analysis of flaB, ospA, ospC, dbpA, and arp transcript...

The Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete is the causative agent of Lyme disease, the most common tick-borne disease in the United States. The low abundance of bacterial proteins in human serum during infection imposes a challenge for early proteomic detection of Lyme disease. To address this challenge, we propose to detect membrane proteins released from bacteria due to disruption of their plasma me...

Segments of the ospA gene of Borrelia burgdorferi were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Oligonucleotide primers used in the reaction flank a 309-base-pair segment within the ospA gene. After 35 cycles of amplification, the product could be detected by agarose gel electrophoresis or dot hybridization with a 32P-labeled probe. This segment was amplified in all strains of B. burgd...

The hydrophobic effect is the main thermodynamic driving force in the folding of water-soluble proteins. Exclusion of nonpolar moieties from aqueous solvent results in the formation of a hydrophobic core in a protein, which has been generally considered essential for specifying and stabilizing the folded structures of proteins. Outer surface protein A (OspA) from Borrelia burgdorferi contains a...

This work investigates a multibeam system for joint sensing and communication (JSC) based on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) 5G new radio (NR) waveforms. In particular, we consider base station (BS) acting as monostatic sensor that estimates the range, speed, direction of arrival (DoA) multiple targets via beam scanning using fraction transmitted power. The target position is then obtaine...

Multitarget tracking systems should solve two basic problems. The first one is to estimate the number of targets and their states at the current time. The second one is to connect target state estimates that belong to the same target along time to form tracks. The conventional way of building tracks in the random finite set framework (RFS) [1] is to attach a label to the individual target state...