Top-down attention to spatial and temporal cues has been thoroughly studied in the visual domain. However, because the neural systems that are important for auditory top-down temporal attention (i.e., attention based on time interval cues) remain undefined, the differences in brain activity between directed attention to auditory spatial location (compared with time intervals) are unclear. Using...

Learning through visual exploration requires orienting of attention to meaningful information in a cluttered world. Previous work has shown that attention modulates visual cortex activity, with enhanced activity for attended targets and suppressed activity for competing inputs, thus enhancing the visual experience. We hypothesized that attention orienting mechanisms that engage concurrent suppr...

Attention capacities, alerting responses, orienting to sensory stimulation, and executive monitoring of performance are considered independent yet interrelated systems. These operations play integral roles in regulating the behavior of diverse species along the evolutionary ladder. Each of the primary attention constructs-alerting, orienting, and executive monitoring-involves salient autonomic ...

Processing the motivational relevance of a visual scene and reacting accordingly is crucial for survival. Previous work suggests the emotional content of naturalistic scenes affects response speed, such that unpleasant content slows responses whereas pleasant content accelerates responses. It is unclear whether these effects reflect motor-cognitive processes, such as attentional orienting, or v...

A dynamical systems game model of market, called Outwit Game, is proposed. In the game, individual behavior in a market is abstracted as orienting majority and orienting minority. We suppose that individuals’ profit changes with a course of these two actions. Through computer simulations, we show that an index representing both micro and macro dynamics show a power law distribution.

One of the challenges of endovascular interventional procedures is to direct the remote catheter tip into tiny blood vessel branches in the brain, or heart, for example. Conventional approaches to this problem have involved development of catheter materials, tip geometries and the “hands-on” exact skill of the interventional practitioner. While these procedures are generally performed under ima...

Traffic intersections are among the most dangerous parts of a blind or visually impaired person's travel. Our "Crosswatch" device [4] is a handheld (mobile phone) computer vision system for orienting visually impaired pedestrians to crosswalks, to help users avoid entering the crosswalk in the wrong direction and straying outside of it. This paper describes two new developments in the Crosswatc...

Aluminum-induced temporal lobe epilepsy in 24 cats showed marked interictal intensification of somatic and EEG components of the orienting reaction and increase in their resistance to habituation. The greatest disturbances of the orienting response were noted in cases of bitemporal foci, of foci situated in the allocortex (hippocampus and amygdala) and of foci inducing generalized or generalize...

The rst micromachined bimorph organic ciliary array with on-chip CMOS circuitry is presented. This device is composed of an 8 8 array of cells each having four orthogonally oriented actuators in an overall die size of 9:4mm 9:4mm. The polyimide based actuators were fabricated directly above the selection and drive circuitry. Selection and activation of actuators in this array shows that integra...

Visual attention can be automatically re-oriented by another person's non-predictive gaze as well as by symbolic arrow cues. We investigated whether the shifts of attention triggered by biologically relevant gaze cues and biologically non-relevant arrow cues rely on the same neural systems by comparing the effects of gaze-cued and arrow-cued orienting on blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD)...