For Muslims, the tawatur of the Quran—the fact that it has been massively and consecutively transmitted from generation to generation since the time of the Prophet—is among the most important proofs which shows that the Qur’an we have today is the same scripture that was revealed to the Prophet. However, this proof has been neglected in the studies of Western scholars on the topic of t...

coffee shops have always played a key role and have affected the shaping and stability of important parts of social cultures and traditions as well as public rituals. although this effectiveness during different periods has been associated with distinct ups and downs, a number of traditional religious and other kinds of shows such as minstrelsy, eloquence, curtain narration and tornabazi have b...

Presently, varied schemes of periodization of history are prevalent in historical studies, the most common being the tripartite scheme of ancient-medieval-modern periods. In European history, ancient, medieval and modern eras have remained the dominant standard epochal frontiers since the eighteenth century. In the wake of colonial rule, this scheme was applied by the European historians and or...

the first years of russian marching to transoxiana were not the climax of their authority. some of the reformist advocates tended to proceed inside the country after the defeating crimea (1854). the idea even permeated among the greater community. these groups wanted to establish liberal institutions and constitutional government as those of european countries. alexander the second, the new tsa...

philosophical – theological research the quarterly journal of qom university under the supervision of the vice – president for research vol. 15,  no. 2, winter 2013.  proprietor: university of qom chief director: muhammad zabihi. ph.d chief editor: ahmad beheshti, ph.d   board of writers ahmad beheshti, ph.d; gholam-hossein ebrahimi dinani, ph.d; mohsen javadi, ph.d; hojatoleslam sadeq larigani...

This paper analyses the contents and the style of the Bullettino di bibliografia e di storia delle scienze matematiche e fisiche (1868–1887), the first journal entirely devoted to the history of mathematics. It is argued that its innovative and controversial methodological approach cannot be properly understood without considering the cultural conditions in which the journal was conceived and r...