Sperm cell and embryo toxicity tests using the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus were performed to assess the toxicity of tributyltin chloride, bis(tributyltin)oxide, triphenyltin acetate, and triphenyltin hydroxide. Toxicity values (mean effective concentration [EC50]) ranged from 2.97 to 18.5 microg/L for sperm cells and from 1.11 to 2.62 microg/L for embryos. For sperm cells, th...

organotin (IV) compounds have been the focus of recent studies for their potential use in treatment cancer. This review provides an overview on inhibition cancer cells by materials. The literature suggests that can selectively target and induce apoptosis, making them promising candidates anticancer drugs. covers various types compounds, including those containing alkyl, aryl, amino groups, mech...

The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) multidrug transporter Pdr5p effluxes a broad range of substrates that are variable in structure and mode of action. Previous work suggested that molecular size and ionization could be important parameters. In this study, we compared the relative sensitivity of isogenic PDR5 and pdr5 strains toward putative substrates that are similar in chemical structure. T...

The organotin(IV) complexes [RSn(L)] (where R = Me (2), R = n-Bu (3), R = Ph (4); H2L (1) = 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde-4,4-dimethylthiosemicarbazone) have been synthesized by the reaction of organotin(IV) chloride(s) with H2L (1). All the compounds have been characterized by CHN analyses, UV–vis, FT-IR, 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR spectral studies. The molecular structure of H2L (1) has been confi...

Three bidentate Schiff bases having nitrogen and sulphur donor sequences were prepared by condensing S-benzyldithiocarbazate (NH(2)NHCS(2)CH(2)C(6)H(5)) with heterocyclic aldehydes. The reaction of diphenyltin dichloride with Schiff bases leads to the formation of a new series of organotin(IV) complexes. An attempt has been made to prove their structures on the basis of elemental analyses, cond...

A comparative study was performed to assess the metabolism of the androgen precursor androstenedione (AD) in two gastropod species from the Muricidae family: Bolinus brandaris and Hexaplex trunculus. AD was mainly converted to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone by microsomal fractions isolated from Bolinus brandaris, whereas it was primarily metabolized to testosterone by Hexaplex trunculus. Sex differ...

A series of mono-, di- and triorganotin compounds with general formulae [RSnL(2)Cl], R = Bu (compound 3), [R(2)SnL(2)], where R = Me, Et, Bu, Oct (compounds 1, 2, 4 and 6) and [R(3)SnL], where R = Bu, Cy and Ph (compounds 5, 7 and 8) and where L = 3,4-methylenedioxy-6-nitrophenylpropenoic acid have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, multinuclear ((1)H-, (13)C- and (119)Sn-) ...

The toxicity of trace metals in our food, in the products we use and in the environment is an area of increasing concern. As our knowledge has grown, we have come to understand that the toxicity of these elements is highly dependent on the molecular species to which they are chemically bound. Increasingly, regulations are being written to reflect this reality. Monitoring elemental species requi...