In this thesis methods concerning sampling and analysis of organophosphorus triesters in indoor environments are investigated. Organophosphate esters are widely used as plasticizers and flame-retardants in plastic materials, which in turn are extensively used in all indoor environments. The organophosphates are ubiquitous indoor pollutants and humans will consequently be exposed to them. Some o...

This descriptive and retrospective study was conducted at the poisoning ward of Imam teaching hospital, Sari, Iran, with the aim of evaluating the pattern of poisoning. Hence, the medical profiles of 2057 patients, who were admitted, were carefully reviewed during the period from April 2006 to March 2008 for 2 years. During this period, 2057 cases, 53.9% female and 46.1% male, were admitted wit...

BACKGROUND Serum paraoxonase (PON1) provides protection against organophosphate induced toxicity. Recently we reported that the frequency of paraoxonase polymorphisms in sheep dippers with self-reported chronic ill-health differed from that in dippers with a similar dipping history but no ill-health. As these analyses may have included subjects with conditions unrelated to organophosphate expos...

Recent world-wide terrorist events associated with the threat of hazardous chemical agent proliferation, and outbreaks of chemical contamination in the food supply has demonstrated an urgent need for sensors that can directly detect the presence of dangerous chemical toxins. Such sensors must enable real-time detection and accurate identification of different classes of pesticides (e.g., carbam...

Acute poisoning with organophosphate based pesticides is a notable cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world, but much less common in the United Kingdom. However, the potential for frequent low level exposures to organophosphates exists for many occupational groups including agricultural workers, sheep dippers, and pesticide sprayers. Over the past decade an increasing number of ...

The word biomarker is being used more frequently during the last decade. Currently, a great amount of research is directed to fnd toxicological biomarkers for several different chemical substances, since persons are more exposed now than decades before. For this reason, it is important to perform a biomonitoring of such substances in order to assess the possibility that low quantities could cau...

BACKGROUND Organophosphorous (OP) and carbamic pesticides are used in large quantities on tobacco plantations in Nayarit State, Mexico, where up to 3000 children and their families work. OP and carbamic pesticides are easily inhaled or absorbed through the skin and children may be particularly vulnerable to pesticides because of their smaller body mass, their height and more regular hand-mouth ...

Bifunctional fusion proteins consisting of organophosphate hydrolase (OPH) moieties linked to a Clostridium-derived cellulose-binding domain (CBD) were shown to be highly effective in degrading organophosphate nerve agents, enabling purification and immobilization onto different cellulose materials in essentially a single step. Enzyme kinetics studies were performed for the CBD-OPH fusions usin...

TheAsiancitruspsyllid,Diaphorina citriKuwayama, is aworldwidepest of citrus,which vectors the putative causal pathogen of huanglongbing. Current management practices warrant continuous monitoring of Þeld populations for insecticide resistance. Baseline activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), general esterase, and glutathione S-transferase as well as sensitivity of AChE to selected organophos...

BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides has been shown to negatively affect child neurobehavioral development. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of organophosphates. OBJECTIVE We examined the relationship between biomarkers of organophosphate exposure, PON1, and cognitive development at ages 12 and 24 months and 6-9 years. METHODS The Mount Sinai Chil...