Abstract During embryogenesis, optic vesicles, the eye primordium, develop from diencephalon via a controlled multistep process of organogenesis that has been difficult to reconstruct in humans. Using iPSC-derived human brain organoids, we demystify complexities and demonstrate organoids can innately forebrain-associated bilaterally symmetric vesicles. These next-generation with relevant cell d...

The castor bean is an important industrial and ornamental crop. In the industry, it used as a source of oil. Moreover, has large potential feed crop, because seeds contain high amount protein. A main problem with use presence toxins in plants. Today, detoxification carried out using various approaches, including biotechnological methods such CRISPR/Cas9 technology. successful application these ...

In vitro propagation of C. morifolium cv. ‘Homa’ and cv. ‘Delkash’ and wild C. coccineum via direct and indirect organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis were investigated. BAP at 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg l-1 or NAA at 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg l-1 concentrations were used to induce direct and indirect organogenesis of shoot tip explants. To study the callu...

Since plant cells cannot move relative to each other, plant organogenesis mainly depends on the strict coordination of cell growth and proliferation. Recent work suggests that this implies a subtle combination of biochemical and physical interactions between neighboring cells.