In this lecture we clarify the basic difference between the correlation properties for systems characterized by small or large fluctuations. The concepts of correlation length, homogeneity scale, scale invariance and criticality are discussed as well. We relate these concepts to the interpretation of galaxy clsutering.

We study the model of (2 + 1)-dimensional relativistic fermions in a random non-Abelian gauge potential at criticality. The exact solution shows that the operator expansion contains a conserved current a generator of a continuous symmetry. The presence of this operator changes the operator product expansion and gives rise to logarithmic contributions to the correlation functions at the critical...

As a result of economic pressures caused by deregulation, utilities are looking at new ways to approach the business of operating and maintaining their assets. In particular, one utility has taken a look at managing their substation assets as if they were stocks in a portfolio. Like financial managers who try to maximize return-on-investment for each asset in a client's portfolio, substation ma...

Given the importance and criticality of instrument validation in IS research, the main objective of this study is to provide a systematic assessment of IS construct validity via multi-trait multi-method (MTMM) matrix. To do so, the paper uses structurally different methods – neurophysiological and self-reported instruments – to measure three important and commonly used IS constructs: engagement...