To reduce the membrane fouling in an immersed membrane bioreactor (MBR) during the treatment of food wastewater, an additional continuous stirring was introduced. The results showed that both a better membrane performance and a higher degradation efficiency for food wastewater were obtained. The membrane contributed mostly in concentrating the activated sludge. The bioreactor ensured the degrad...

The impacts of four simulated hazardous events, namely, aeration failure, power loss, and chemical shocks (ammonia or bleach) on the performance of an anoxic-aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) receiving real wastewater were investigated. Hazardous events could alter pH and/or oxidation reduction potential of the mixed liquor and inhibit biomass growth, thus affecting the removal of bulk organics...

In the present study, the overall economic impact of hull fouling on a mid-sized naval surface ship (Arleigh Burke-class destroyer DDG-51) has been analyzed. A range of costs associated with hull fouling was examined, including expenditures for fuel, hull coatings, hull coating application and removal, and hull cleaning. The results indicate that the primary cost associated with fouling is due ...

Heat exchanger performance degrades rapidly during operation due to formation of deposits on heat transfer surfaces which ultimately reduces service life of the equipment. Due to scaling, product deteriorates which causes lack of proper heating. Chemistry of milk scaling is qualitatively understood and the mathematical models for fouling at low temperatures have been produced but the behavior o...

This study investigated the impact of salinity build-up on the performance of membrane bioreactor (MBR), specifically in terms of the removal and fate of trace organic chemicals (TrOCs), nutrient removal, and biomass characteristics. Stepwise increase of the influent salinity, simulating salinity build-up in high retention MBRs, adversely affected the metabolic activity in the bioreactor, there...

© 2014 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 1 wileyonlinelibrary.com coatings on windows, lenses or solar cells, repellent or protective clothing, non-fouling marine vessels or biomedical devices, and anti-icing or drag-reducing surfaces. An ideal coating should ensure stable repellency, should be transparent in order not to affect color or transparency of the un...

Membrane fouling is one of the most important considerations in the design and operation of membrane systems as it affects pretreatment needs, cleaning requirements, operating conditions, cost and performance. Given that membrane fouling represents the main limitation to membrane process operation, it is unsurprising that the majority of membrane material and process research and development co...

Researchers favor polymeric membranes for water treatment because of their excellent separation selectivity, high membrane performance, unique interconnected structure and inexpensive cost. Electrospinning, phase inversion, track-etching, slip casting, film-stretching are some the methods fabricating membranes. Among them, electrospun nanofiber (ENMs) most actively explored which address foulin...

Fouling is an important performance degradation factor of axial flow compressor. Proper fouling sensitive parameter is crucial to more effectively monitor the fouling severity. Currently fouling level and cleaning necessity are judged by the decrease degree of thermodynamic performance parameter from macro point. But simulation research of NASA rotor 37 finds that tip clearance increase also ca...