Multiuser Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MU-OFDM) is one of the promising techniques for future cellular and wireless networks for achieving high downlink capacities. The objective of the next generation cellular and wireless networks, which are based on (MU-OFDM) is to increase the network efficiency by maximizing the total throughput of the system and minimizing the overall trans...

This paper presents dynamic sector allocation, clustered sector allocation, and background garbage ~ h ~ ~ that are key algorithms in solid-state files (SSFs) using flash EEPROMs. Dynamic sector allocation resembles a log-structured file system, which sequentially writes all data modifications to the SSF. Clustered sector allocation is a technique for using the dynamic sector allocation mechani...

Bandwidth Allocation Models (BAMs) are used in order to define Bandwidth Constraints (BCs) in a perclass basis for MPLS/DS-TE networks and effectively define how network resources like bandwidth are obtained and shared by applications. The BAMs proposed (MAM – Maximum Allocation Model, RDM – Russian Dolls Model, G-RDM – Generic RDM and AllocTC-Sharing) attempt to optimize the use of bandwidth r...

The problem of allocating jobs to appropriate servers in cloud computing is studied in this paper. We consider that jobs of various types arrive in some unpredictable pattern and the system is required to allocate a certain ratio of jobs. In order to meet the hard allocation ratio requirement in the presence of unknown arrival patterns, one can increase the capacity of servers by expanding the ...

We consider a stochastic model for a defined-contribution pension fund in continuous time. In particular, we focus on the portfolio problem of a fund manager who wants to maximize the expected utility of his terminal wealth in a complete financial market with stochastic interest rate. The fund manager must cope with a set of stochastic investment opportunities and two background risks: the sala...

Males and females have different routes to successful reproduction, resulting in sex differences in lifespan and age-specific allocation of reproductive effort. The trade-off between current and future reproduction is often resolved differently by males and females, and both sexes can be constrained in their ability to reach their sex-specific optima owing to intralocus sexual conflict. Such ge...

Changes in form during ontogeny and evolution depend in large measure on changes in the relative growth of the various parts of the body. The current consensus in developmental biology is that the final size of appendages and internal organs is regulated autonomously, within the structure itself. Size regulation of body parts typically requires no external control and is thought to be relativel...

Animals that provide care to their offspring are likely to face time constraints and, consequently, need to trade-off allocations of time among different behavioural activities. Parental allocation of time is often influenced by intrafamilial conflicts including conflicts of interests between parent and offspring and between parents over optimal parental effort. We investigated effects of offsp...

In this article, we consider houses belonging to an eco-neighborhood in which inhabitants have the capacity to optimize dynamically the energy demand and the energy storage level so as to maximize their utility. The inhabitants’ preferences are characterized by their sensitivity toward comfort versus price, the optimal expected temperature in the house, thermal loss and heating efficiency of th...

A close analytical estimate for the combinatorial entropy of partially ordered ice phases is presented. The expression obtained is very general, as it can be used for any ice phase obeying the Bernal-Fowler rules. The only input required is a number of crystallographic parameters, and the experimentally observed proton site occupancies. For fully disordered phases such as hexagonal ice, it reco...