Gaze-evoked blinks are contractions of the orbicularis oculi (OO)-the lid closing muscle-occurring during rapid movements of the head and eyes and result from a common drive to the gaze and blink motor systems. However, blinks occurring during shifts of gaze are often suppressed when the gaze shift is made to an important visual stimulus, suggesting that the visual system can modulate the occur...

ABOUT 150 cases of progressive muscular dystrophy involving the extra-ocular muscles have so far been recorded in the literature. As far as can be ascertained, this condition has never been described in a Negro. The myopathies are characterized by a primary dystrophy of voluntary muscle. Kiloh and Nevin (1951) reviewed the problem of progressive dystrophy of the external ocular muscles and conc...

To cite: Hassan AS, Oliphant H, Baddeley P. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2013201867 DESCRIPTION A 60-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of gradually worsening ptosis affecting his left upper lid. Nine years ago he had undergone excision of a left acoustic neuroma; this resulted in a left-sided facial palsy, which was partially treated ...

Local doxorubicin injections have been used clinically to treat blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and other related disorders permanently and nonsurgically. Doxorubicin is an effective myotoxic agent for the removal of the orbicularis oculi muscle in the eyelid after local injection. Injections of this drug alone resulted in removal of up to 70% of the muscle fibers from the treated eyelids in m...

The efficacy of different techniques of facial nerve block for cataract surgery was investigated. Forty four patients underwent either modified O'Brien, Atkinson, van Lint, or lid blocks. Intentional muscle activity of the orbicularis oculi muscle was recorded and the area under the EMG curve calculated for quantitative comparison of muscle activity between the groups before and after injection...

Asian eyelids are characteristically puffy, with a fold, and have bulging of the orbital fat septum. Moreover, aging process, septum skin lose elasticity atrophy proceeds, thus resulting in dermatochalasis sunken eyelid. We introduce modified technique infrabrow excision septo-myocutaneous flap repositioning. An upper incision was made along lower margin eyebrow placement decided according to a...

A total of 313 Orbiculate batfishes Platax orbicularis were studied from the Iraqi marine waters at the shallow tip of the Arabian Gulf during the period from March to September 2015. This species is an omnivore (planktivorous) which migrate between surface and bottom for feeding activity. Length –Weight relationship and growth rate were calculated for the 222 specimens. The highest growth rate...

Meige (1910) described an idiopathic syndrome characterized by blephrospasm, and involuntary movements of the lower face, neck and jaw (Casey, 1980; Tolosa et al., 1979). 3 T h e typical feature of this syndrome is involvement of orbicularis oculi muscle. Dur ing the initial stages an increased rate of blinking is noted, and later in the course of disease uncontrollable eye spasm occurs. T h e ...

Depression is the most important nonmotor symptom in blepharospasm (BL). As facial expression influences emotional perception, summarized as the facial feedback hypothesis, we investigated if patients report fewer depressive symptoms if injections of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) include the "grief muscles" of the glabellar region, compared to treatment of orbicularis oculi muscles alone. Ninety ...

Laughter facilitates the adaptive response to stress by increasing the psychological distance from distress and by enhancing social relations. To test these hypotheses, the authors related measures of bereaved adults' laughter and smiling 6 months postloss to measures of their (a) subjective emotion and dissociation from distress, (b) social relations, and (c) responses they evoked in others. D...