Conscious or moderate sedation is routinely used to facilitate the dental care of the pre- or un-cooperative child. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has little respiratory depressant effect, possibly making it a safer option when used as an adjunct to either opioids or benzodiazepines. Unlike intranasal (IN) midazolam, IN application of DEX and sufentanil (SUF) does not appear to cause much discomfort. Fu...

BACKGROUND Many patients have preoperative anxiety; therefore, the development of a strong anxiolytic with minimal psychomotor impairment for premedication may be desirable. METHODS In this study, 60 patients were randomized into two groups to receive either oral Passiflora incarnata (500 mg, Passipy IranDarouk) (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) as premedication, 90 min before surgery. A numerical...

BACKGROUND To examine the effects of intravenous sedation and oral nifedipine on blood pressure and pulse rate in patients with perioperative high blood pressure undergoing implant surgery, the clinical records of dental implant patients managed by intravenous sedation at our outpatient dental offices were retrospectively evaluated. METHODS A total of 516 clinical charts were evaluated. The s...

AIM The aim of our study was to evaluate the likelihood that conscious sedation (CS) with intravenous midazolam could become an alternative modality to general anesthesia (GA) for dental procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our study, 58 and 47 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)-1 pediatric patients, aged 2-12 (mean 6) years, underwent dental procedures and minor oral surgical proced...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of 2 sedation regimens during treatment: (1) oral meperidine and hydroxyzine with nitrous oxide (N2O); and (2) oral diazepam and hydroxyzine, submucosal meperidine, and N2O. Nitrous oxide was tapered to oxygen (O2) only 10 minutes following submucosal meperidine administration. METHODS Sixty-two children were evalua...

Background Vomiting is a common side effect of ketamine in children's sedation and there is still controversy about the use of an anti-emetic drug along with ketamine to reduce this complication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ondansetron in controlling vomiting induced by intramuscular (IM), and intravenous (IV) ketamine for procedural sedation and analgesia in chil...

A 13-item survey of dentist's views about approaches to pain and anxiety management was distributed in Atlantic Canada. Respondents indicated that about 50% had training in conscious-sedation techniques and 20% had learned to administer intravenous (IV) sedation. Sixty-nine percent of those responding had used oral sedatives to help manage fearful patients. Forty-six percent had referred anxiou...

BACKGROUND The American Academy of Pediatrics and American Society of Anesthesiologists have published consensus-based fasting guidelines intended to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration. The purpose of our study was to compare the rate of adverse events in patients sedated with ketamine within 2 hours of oral contrast intake to those who were nil per os (NPO). METHODS A retrospective coho...

ONE of the dilemmas faced by any caregiver providing sedation or anesthesia is the question, When is it safe to send the child home? Most sedation guidelines suggest that the patient should be returned to their baseline status before discharge. In this issue of the Journal, Malviya et al. describe a simple but elegant means for assessing the street readiness of infants sedated with chloral hydr...