Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) acquisition occurs predominantly through mucosal transmission. We hypothesized that greater mucosal immune responses and protective efficacy against mucosal HIV-1 infection may be achieved by prime-boost immunization at mucosal sites. We used a macaque model to determine the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of orally delivered, replicat...

BACKGROUND Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a multisystem immune-related disease of unknown etiology. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is characterized by the presence of idiopathic oral ulceration without extraoral manifestation. The interplay between the oral microbial communities and the immune response could play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of both BS and RAS. OBJECTIVE...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of oral and peri-oral lesions among a group of Saudi human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. METHODS A cross-sectional controlled study was conducted on 50 HIV-infected Saudi patients from King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, and 100 healthy individuals recruited from Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia betw...

BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes mellitus have been associated with a number of changes in the oral cavity, such as gingivitis, periodontitis, mucosal diseases, salivary dysfunction, altered taste, and burning mouth. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study between August and October 201...

BACKGROUND Kerala is a highly urbanized state in India and interstate migrant laborers working there forms a marginalized community. It was generally perceived that use of tobacco and alcohol was high among the workers, but there are no epidemiological studies assessing the actual burden. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of use of tobacco and also the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions a...

A fascinating feature of the intestinal mucosal immune system is its ability to guard against invasion by pathogens while avoiding a response to the many potential Ags present in food. The phenomenon of systemic tolerance after oral administration of protein Ags is well documented, but the cellular and molecular basis for the observed nonresponsiveness is not fully understood. To gain insight i...

Background: Wegener granulomatosis or granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a pauci-immune small vessel vasculitis which is usually associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) mainly in old men. This small vessel vasculitis is usually characterized by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation with multiorgan involvement. Kidneys could be involved as the main and life-threatening co...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the serum zinc levels in patients with common oral mucosal diseases by comparing these to healthy controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 368 patients, which consisted of 156 recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) patients, 57 oral lichen planus (OLP) patients, 55 burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients, 54 atrophic glossitis (AG) patients, 46 xeros...