Macaronesia, which includes five mid-Atlantic archipelagos (Azores, Madeira, Selvagems, Canaries, and Cape Verdes), has been traditionally recognized as a distinct biogeographic unit whose circumscription has been intimately associated with the hypothesis that the flora is a relict of a formerly broadly distributed subtropical Tertiary flora. The concept of Macaronesia is revisited here using p...

Streptococcus milleri species are found in normal oral flora, upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and they have also been isolated from vagina. S. milleri organisms are associated with pyogenic infections and they either result in isolated infections or are a part of mixed pyogenic infections. Most commonly, they are associated with dental and periodontal abscess, nasopharyngeal in...

In this study, we report on a case of refractory, unilateral anaerobic conjunctivitis. The predominant anaerobic flora consisted of Prevotella intermedia (formerly Bacteroides intermedius) and Peptostreptococcus micros. By using the technique of restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of genomic DNA, it was shown that the P. intermedia likely originated from the oral cavity. Topically applied a...

Where is acetaldehyde derived from? Acetaldehyde in human body is derived from three principal sources: 1) by in vivo synthesis in the liver, where it is rapidly metabolized into acetic acid and water; 2) acetaldehyde also exists in the saliva, derived from cigarette smoke or produced by the microbial flora of the oral cavity and pharynx (also in non-smokers); 3) the third important source of a...

Streptococcus anginosus (S. anginosus) is considered a friendly bug and is a one of many different bacteria that constitute the normal flora of the oral cavity. Nevertheless, it has been infrequently associated with more invasive infections, like lung abscess. It is extremely rare to have multisystemic involvement with S. anginosus group. We present a unique case of pulmonary and brain abscess ...

Rothia mucilaginosa is part of the normal flora of the oral cavity and is typically is not associated with acute infection. However, growing evidence suggests that Rothia mucilaginosa can be an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. We present a case of Rothia bacteremia in a patient with a compromised immune system due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and stage IV bulky diffus...

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a Gram-negative bacilli that is part of the normal oral flora of dogs and some cats; it is well known to cause septicemia and endocarditis after their bite. This is the first reported case of infective endocarditis affecting both native mitral and aortic valves after a lion bite in a patient with heavy ethanol consumption, who ultimately died after valve replacements.

To better define a minimal but optimal dose of oral neomycin to suppress ammonia production by bowel flora, several dosage regimens were examined in normal healthy volunteers. Fecal urease activity was quantitatively determined and was used as an indirect measure of intrinsic ammonia production by bowel flora. Large doses of neomycin were found to exert inhibition of fecal urease for many days....

Purpose To raise awareness of a possible association between continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices and postoperative bleb-related infection. Observations A 57-year old patient on CPAP presented with unilateral bleb-associated endophthalmitis 32 months after routine ExPress Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. The offending organism, Streptococcus mitis, is a nonmotile and generally n...