microscopy (SPM) for nano-scale imaging with confocal Raman spectroscopy for chemical characterization. Challenges with tip quality, optical alignment, consistency and speed, however, have made the technique difficult and complex. New instrumentation is addressing these challenges, allowing TERS to migrate from pure research to routine laboratory analysis. These systems provide correlated nano-...

By utilizing quarantine and isolation as public health tools we are in many ways battling twenty-first century pathogens with a fourteenth century toolbox. It is important for all to recognize the technical difference between the distinct public health measures of isolation and quarantine. Isolation is the separation and/or restricted movement of persons with a contagious disease from the large...

In the decade that has passed since the introduction of the ToBI system for the transcription of prosody, speech technology has moved out of the laboratory and into commercial applications on several fronts. However, virtually none of the commercial products have made large-scale use of prosody. Nevertheless, researchers in both recognition and synthesis continue to agree that better utilizatio...

1071 Br J Sports Med December 2010 Vol 44 No 15 Was the Super Bowl XLIII really won by platelet-rich plasma (PRP)? In February 2009, Pittsburgh Steelers wide receiver Hines Ward, who suffered a medial knee ligament injury just a week before the big event, caught a pass which helped the Steelers win the Championship. Judging from the press clippings in the USA over the following week, it was PRP...

The Burgers vector b with components (1.1) is teated as a vector of a special space, it is called the Burgers space. The Burgers space is an imaginary space, it is assumed to be filled with the infinite ideal (non-distorted) crystalline grid. The tensor T̂ in (1.1) is a double space tensor : its upper index i is associated with some Cartesian coordinate system in the Burgers space, its lower ind...

The article entitled " Evidence for Cardiomyocyte Repopulation by Extracardiac Progenitors in Transplanted Human Hearts " by Laflamme et al, 1 published in Circulation Research, confirms our early observations 2 that cardiac chimerism occurs after transplanta-tion of a female heart in a male patient. These results are also in agreement with the detection of chimerism in multiple organs after bo...

Issues in design verification of high-speed serial I/O devices. The increasing data rate of high-speed I/O devices makes currently available measurement tools such as realtime oscilloscopes obsolete. Measuring jitter performance of prototyped physical layer ICs of 5 Gb/s will particularly become a critical problem using current-mainstream oscilloscope technology. Therefore, the architecture of ...

A fold that occurs within a joint is referred to as a plica synovialis. Three such plicae are seen with regularity within the human knee joint. These folds are normal structures that represent remnants of mesenchymal tissue and/or septa formed during embryonic development of the knee joint, and can be seen during arthroscopic inspection of the knee joint. Controversy exists within the orthopaed...