Between the onset of projectile fragmentation and the assumption of rear wall failure due to an impulsive load, multi-wall ballistic limit equations are linearly interpolated to provide reasonable yet conservative predictions of perforation thresholds with conveniently simple mathematics. Although low velocity and hypervelocity regime predictions are based on analytical expressions, there is no...

Details are presented for the construction of a simple precision temperature-controlled chamber for investigating bacterial motile behavior. Independent of original incubation temperature, all species of motile bacteria observed showed a five- to sevenfold increase in average translational velocity (micrometers per second) as the environment temperature was incremented over the range from 10 to...

In the current power system much concentration is given to the efficient transmission of power from generator side to load end with minimum power loss. To achieve this, the newly introduced FACTS technology is being used. FACTS device such as STATCOM (static synchronous compensator) is used in this paper, for the efficient power transfer between transmission lines. To enhance the loadability of...

The advent of charge-coupled devices (CCD) has significantly extended the horizons of full-field measurement methods in many fields of fundamental and applied sciences, including fluid flow dynamics. One of the major applications of imaging sensors in fluid mechanics is the Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV), which is a non-invasive, full field optical measuring technique. Due to recent ...

A multi-pulse injection strategy for premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion was investigated in a four-valve, direct-injection diesel engine by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation using KIVA-3V code coupled with detailed chemistry. The effects of fuel splitting proportion, injection timing, spray angles, and injection velocity were examined. The mixing process and fo...

Six-wheel drive (6WD) articulated dump truck has excellent passing ability and high productivity, but its stability should be improved. A dynamic model of 6WD articulated vehicle with 3 degree-of-freedom (DOF) is established. With the control variables of yaw velocity and side-slip angle at mass center of front body, a feedfoward-feedback control system is designed by linear quadratic regulator...

according to flexibility of pneumatic conveying systems with respect to other types of transmission systems, this system has wide application in industry and agriculture processes. one important application of this system is in the loading and unloading tankers and powdery bulk materials such as trucks carrying cement, plaster and sand. conveying efficiency is associated with pressure, which in...

Optimum filling ratio as an important parameter has a great effect on the heat performance of pipes. Especially for micro pipes with only hundreds microliters internal volume, their optimum ratios are hard to be obtained without accuracy order microliter magnitude. This paper simulated process water working fluid, and change regularities pressure, velocity volume fraction liquid were investigat...

"An ethical objection is raised against the Blackorby-Donaldson criterion of optimum population maximizing the sum total of utilities in excess of some critical level, since it may disprefer a social state with more people and with more worthwhile lives. However, the criterion may serve as a practicably reasonable compromise between maximizing total and average utility. Nevertheless, an alter...