A minimization problem is called fixed parameter ρinapproximable, for a function ρ ≥ 1, if there does not exist an algorithm that given a problem instance I with optimum value opt and an integer k, either finds a feasible solution of value at most ρ(k) ·k or finds a certificate that k < opt in time t(k) · |I| for some function t. For maximization problem the definition is similar. We motivate t...

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as we know oxygen is one of the main inhibitors of polymerization of vinyl acetate. therefore, nitrogen is used in order to make sure of system&apos;s high purity. to maintain purity it is necessary to find out the rate of the oxygensolution in polymerization system under different conditions of polymerization. it is concluded that incoming nitrogen to the system would remove the oxygen from th...

Abstract Traditional shape and stress control of structures use many actuators require enormous time to find reasonable solutions that need designers input specific target displacement stress. This study employs a linear technique static pin-jointed assemblies as theoretical advancement prior works provides comparative analysis against previously established works. The evaluates the proposed me...