This study was undertaken to optimize skim milk and yeast extract concentration as a cultivation medium for optimal Bifidobacteria pseudocatenulatum G4 (G4) biomass and β -galactosidase production as well as lactose and free amino nitrogen (FAN) balance after cultivation period. Optimization process in this study involved four steps: screening for significant factors using 2(3) full factorial d...

Seaweed has the ability to use carbon from the environment through photosynthesis to produce biomass. The aim of this study is to estimate carbon sequestration by seaweed aquaculture as a strategy for climate change mitigation. The study was undertaken at Gerupuk Bay, Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Four seaweed variants, such as Kappaphycus alvarezii var. Tambalang and M...

We have developed a procedure for stepwise topographical control of network patterns and neurite connection directions between adjacent living neurons using an individual-cell-based on-chip multi-electrode array (MEA) cell cultivation system with an agarose microchamber (AMC) array. This procedure enables flexible and precise control of the cell positions and easy and flexible control of the pa...

Monocytes and macrophages, collectively termed the mononuclear phagocyte system, are intimately involved in a variety of physiological and pathological events (1-5). They participate in the inflammatory process, secrete numerous biologically active products, and are recognized as major effectors of immunity against neoplastic disease and infectious agents. Our present understanding of the physi...

This work reports endoglucanase and beta-glucosidase production by the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora heterothallica in solid-state (SSC) and submerged (SmC) cultivation. Wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse were used for SSC and cardboard for SmC. Highest endoglucanase production in SSC occurred after 192 hours: 1,170.6 ± 0.8 U/g, and in SmC after 168 hours: 2,642 ± 561 U/g. The endoglucanases...

objective: in dental treatments, use of carriers for targeted antibiotic delivery would be optimal to efficiently decrease microbial count. in this study, gentamicin was loaded into polylactic co-glycolic acid (plga) microspheres and its release pattern was evaluated for 20 days.   methods: in this experimental study, plga microspheres loaded with gentamycin were produced by the w/o/w method. t...

Climate is one of the most important factors that influence the quality and quantity of crops. Understanding the natural features of any region, especially about the climate, can play a major role in making plans and land use planning. Sugar beet, is one of the major industrial plants, that in addition to producing one of the most fundamental basic needs of society, namely sugar, it can have ot...

Climate is one of the most important factors that influence the quality and quantity of crops. Understanding the natural features of any region, especially about the climate, can play a major role in making plans and land use planning. Sugar beet, is one of the major industrial plants, that in addition to producing one of the most fundamental basic needs of society, namely sugar, it can have ot...

Poria originated from the dried sclerotium of Macrohyporia cocos is an edible traditional Chinese medicine with high economic value. Due to significant difference in quality between wild and cultivated M. cocos, this study aimed trace origin fungus perspectives cultivation. In addition, there were quite limited studies about data fusion, a potential strategy, employed discussed geographical tra...