The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is indispensable for vertebrate eye development and vision. In the classical model of optic vesicle patterning, the surface ectoderm produces fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) that specify the neural retina (NR) distally, whereas TGFβ family members released from the proximal mesenchyme are involved in RPE specification. However, we previously proposed that b...

Visual receptive fields (RFs) were mapped inside and outside the cortical representation of the optic disk in the striate cortex (area V1) of anesthetized and paralyzed Cebus monkeys. Unexpectedly, most cells were found to be binocularly driven, and the RFs mapped with contralateral-eye stimulation progressed in a topographically appropriate fashion as the optic disk sector was crossed. Activat...

Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are a class of genetic disorders. Each metabolic disorder may have different forms with different age of onset, clinical manifestations, severity, and even type of inheritance. Ideally, a group of different specialists, including ophthalmologists, pediatricians, biochemists, and medical geneticists are needed for the final diagnosis and management of IMDs. B...

Previous vection research has tended to minimise visual-vestibular conflict by using optic-flow patterns which simulate self-motions of constant velocity. Here, experiments are reported on the effect of adding 'global-perspective jitter' to these displays--simulating forward motion of the observer on a platform oscillating in horizontal and/or vertical dimensions. Unlike non-jittering displays,...

We present a tunable single-frequency CW Ti:sapphire laser with intensity noise manipulation. The manipulation of the laser intensity noise is realized by varying the frequency of the modulation signal loaded on the electrodes of an intracavity electro-optic etalon. A lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystal is used to act as the electro-optic etalon, and its electro-optic effect is utilized...

We propose an arresting scheme for emulating the famous Faraday effect in ultracold atomic gases. Inspired by similarities between light field and bosonic atoms, we represent propagation medium transport accompany of laser-atom interaction. An artificial magneto-optic is readily signaled spin imbalance with setup laser fields offering a high controllability quantum manipulation. The present rea...