High tibia osteotomy is a common procedure in orthopedic surgery. A precise overview on indications, patients selection, pre-operative planning, surgical technique, methods of fixation, and complications have been presented. This paper focused on the points that should be considered to achieve good long-term outcomes. High tibia osteotomy is a common procedure in orthopedic surgery. A precise o...

1 Prinicipal Investigator, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kist Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal 2 Associate Professor, Dept of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kist Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal Abstract Introduction: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy, an antithrombotic agents used in various medical conditions, was frequently discon...

M any orthodontists evaluate the retention phase of orthodontic treatment as the most difficult problem of therapy. In fact, the more conscientious the orthodontist, the more he might regard retention as the problem in treatment. Angle1 summarized orthodontic retention as follows : “After malposed teeth have been moved into the desired position they must be mechanically supported until all the ...

BACKGROUND The Norwood procedure consists of three palliative operations, performed in neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Especially the first stage (Norwood I) is associated with the highest mortality rates in paediatric cardiac surgery (up to 25%). During surgery, the aorta is reconstructed and a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt is applied. Originally the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt...

The complex thoracic deformity has both protrusion and depression on the chest wall, its appearance is complex. It difficult to complete correction by ordinary surgical methods. In early years, this kind of needed be treated open surgery. After entering era minimally invasive surgery, operation also gradually invasive, it can completed through combination different operations. Mild deformities ...

The first clinical uses of a local anesthetic agent occurred in 1884, when cocaine was employed as a topical agent for eye surgery and to produce a nerve block. These events inaugurated a new era, that of regional anesthesia. New applications were developed, including spinal, epidural, and caudal anesthesia. The search for a better local anesthetic led to chemical synthesis of a number of other...

The large majority of patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery are elderly and take systemic medications on a regular basis, including antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatments. It is current practice for many physicians to discontinue antithrombotic treatment prior to surgery to reduce bleeding complications that may lead to retrobulbar haemorrhage and, ultimately, to loss of vision. However, di...