The study investigates the causal link between trade openness and economic growth for four South Asian countries for period 1972-1985 and 1986-2007 to examine the scenario before and after the implementation of SAARC. Panel cointegration and FMOLS techniques are employed for short run and long run estimates. In 1972-85 short run unidirectional causality from GDP to openness is found whereas, in...

In this paper we discuss observations and lessons learned in conducting architectural design projects in virtual worlds. By integrating a community of users in virtual worlds into a collaborative architectural design process, organisations can tap the community’s creativity and intelligence through immersive technology. The paper provides an overview of the latest advances of information and co...

We develop a simulation model of world crop markets that is based upon Ricardian comparative advantage. We apply the model to twenty-three countries and provide measures of the degree of globalization in this sector, the gains from trade, and the elasticity of trade volumes to trade costs. The distribution of the gains from trade across countries is uneven due to important differences in openne...

We derive asymptotically optimal upper bounds on the number of L-rational torsion points on a given elliptic curve or Drinfeld module defined over a finitely generated field K, as a function of the degree [L : K]. Our main tool is the adelic openness of the image of Galois representations attached to elliptic curves and Drinfeld modules, due to Serre and Pink-Rütsche, respectively. Our approach...

The concept of open functions was introduced to capture an intended feature van Eyck’s seminal play sculptures – they do not suggest a specific action. In recent study, Van der Schaaf, A. L., S. R. Caljouw, and Withagen. (2020. “Are Children Attracted Play Elements with Open Function?” Ecological Psychology 32: 79–94) aimed determine the degree openness Parkour elements by asking participants w...

Open innovation was defined by Chesbrough (2003) as a development process that allows ideas to flow through the boundaries of the firm. However, while open innovation has been the focus of extensive research and discussions since its definition by Chesbrough in 2003, no consensus has been reached on a single meaning of the term. Starting from a publication by Rosenberg (2009) that defines openn...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the myelination and the psychological trait of openness to experience in young cognitively normal volunteers using regional T1-weighted (T1w)/T2w ratios on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It was hypothesized that axonal myelination would be related to openness, thus linking trait creativity and mental illness. ME...

Opening up is often considered a commitment to breaking indigenous firms’ status quo and moving the institutional reforms forward. However, the institutional environment in many open countries has yet to show the sign of improvement. We suggest that one important reason for the various reactions to openness is firm heterogeneity. Economic policies have different effects on different firms, and ...

Empirical studies quantifying the benefits of increased foreign direct investment (FDI) have been unable to provide conclusive evidence of a positive impact on host country’s economic performance. I show that the lack of robust evidence is not inconsistent with theory, even if the eventual gains to FDI are large, if restrictions on FDI are lifted only gradually and part of FDI is intangible inv...