This paper uses a small open economy model to address two outstanding issues in monetary policy: (1) what restrictions on the policy rule ensure that the central bank does not introduce real indeterminacy into the economy, and (2) what is the optimal long run rate of inflation. The small open economy model provides unique insights on both fronts. In the case of determinacy issues, the model’s s...

T he relationship between the price of oil and the level of economic activity is a fundamental empirical issue in macroeconomics. In this research, by using a multivariate GARCH-in-Mean VAR, we try to investigate direct effects of uncertainty of oil price on macroeconomics of Iran by using annually data from 1965 to 2013.Results show that uncertainty about oil prices had a negative a...

ed from issues they could not handle but which enabled them to analyse the dynamics in which they were interested. However, a more common reaction was to focus on the formal models and to confine their theorizing to what could be said rigorously. Founding macroeconomics on rigorous utilitymaximizing microfoundations was important. This was, no doubt, the reason why Patinkin’s Chapter 13 was neg...

The obesity epidemic is also an economic tragedy. This analysis evaluates the economic effects and the potential to improve the well-being of both individual and societal wealth. Econometric techniques should carefully assess the degree to which obesity affects declines in business output, employment, income, and tax revenues at the regional and national levels. Microeconomics assesses lost pro...

The demise of the IS-LM model and its replacement by stochastic intertemporal equilibrium models is probably the most salient change that occurred in macroeconomics during the last quarter of the twentieth century, a shift that many commentators have viewed as a Kuhnian scientific revolution. My aim in this paper is to analyse it against the background of what I call the Marshall-Walras divide....

Analysing the recent history of macroeconomics, my paper claims that the new classical revolution should be viewed as a substitution of Walrasian macroeconomics to the earlier prevailing Marshallian macroeconomics. The first part of the paper is concerned with two conceptual prerequisites, the relationship between macroeconomics and general equilibrium, the meaning of the “Keynesian” modifier. ...

A large market economy has a huge number of degrees of freedom with weak microlevel coordination. The ‘implicit microfoundations’ approach considers this property of micro-level interactions to more strongly determine macro-level outcomes compared to the precise details of individual choice behavior; that is, the ‘particle’ nature of individuals dominates their ‘mechanical’ nature. So rather th...