Abstract Sanitation facility conditions and waste disposal practices are hypothesized to affect the fecal contamination of drinking water kitchenware. The present study aimed examine physical sanitation facilities locations as well determine concentrations Escherichia coli in water, cups, dishes, flies, toilet floors, kitchen floors. A total 336 samples were collected from 17 households peri-ur...

Groundwater is one of the most crucial drinking water sources in Kurdistan. Development, urbanization, and human activities Erbil have led to a decline amount quality groundwater. This research aims investigate examine groundwater Kaniqrzhala (Erbil dumpsite) central basin Erbil, as well impact landfill this region. The investigation encompasses around 27 wells. static level assessed movement r...