Global climate change has been projected to affect hydrology, the ice-covered flow period and river morphology (including changed sediment transport conditions) in northern high-latitude regions. To understand impact of expected shortening on bedload transport, one needs present these rivers with annually occurring ice cover. Thus, aims are (1) define impacts cover near-bed characteristics duri...

Despite intensive research into the coupling between tectonics and surface processes, our ability to obtain quantitative information on the rates of tectonic processes from topography remains limited due primarily to a dearth of data with which to test and calibrate process rate laws. Here we develop a simple theory for the impact of spatially variable rock-uplift rate on the concavity of bedro...

Meandering channels with exposed point bars and sinuosities near 2.0 can spontaneously develop in a mix of diatomaceous earth and kaolinite clay. The experimental streams that were studied were as small as 4 cm wide. They showed many of the characteristics found in large meandering streams such as migration of channels, formation of point bars, clay plugs, chutes and bar scrolls. Most of the me...

Flow features of a meandering river can vary seasonally and widely in the boreal zone, as seasonal variation discharges affect properties meander bends spatial location flow magnitudes. However, better understanding impacts consecutive high-discharge events zone requires further analyses. Thus, fluvial processes their magnitudes on different types (e.g., sinuosity, symmetricity) were analysed t...

A two-step K(+)-Na+ and Ag(+)-Na+ ion-exchange technique is introduced to fabricate single-mode channel waveguides in BK7 glass for the telecom-wavelength region. The dependencies of insertion loss, polarization-dependent loss (PDL), end bending loss of curved waveguides on channel width, diffusion time, and annealing time are investigated. Results show that postannealing is a required process ...