Onion Routing is an infrastructure for private communication over a public network. It provides anonymous connections that are strongly resistant to both eavesdropping and tra c analysis. Thus it hides not only the data being sent, but who is talking to whom. Onion Routing's anonymous connections are bidirectional and near real-time, and can be used anywhere a socket connection can be used. Pro...

This paper presents compact message formats for onion routing circuit construction using the Sphinx methodology developed for mixes. We significantly compress the circuit construction messages for three onion routing protocols that have emerged as enhancements to the Tor anonymizing network; namely, Tor with predistributed Diffie-Hellman values, pairing-based onion routing, and certificateless ...

In this note we classify all triples (a, b, i) such that there is a convex lattice polygon P with area a, and p respectively i lattice points on the boundary respectively in the interior. The crucial lemma for the classification is the necessity of b ≤ 2 i+7. We sketch three proofs of this fact: the original one by Scott [Sco76], an elementary one, and one using algebraic geometry. As a refinem...

Tor is a real-world, circuit-based low-latency anonymous communication network, supporting TCP applications over the Internet. In this paper, we present a new class of attacks, protocol-level attacks, against Tor. Different from existing attacks, these attacks can confirm anonymous communication relationships quickly and accurately by manipulating one single cell and pose a serious threat again...

Tor is a real-world, circuit-based low-latency anonymous communication network, supporting TCP applications over the Internet. In this paper, we present a new class of attacks, protocol-level attacks, against Tor. Different from existing attacks, these attacks can confirm anonymous communication relationships quickly and accurately by manipulating one single cell and pose a serious threat again...

Management of onion thrips continues to be a high pest priority for Wisconsin onion growers. In 2006 the hot and dry conditions experienced in mid-summer led to increased populations that were very difficult to control in some areas. Furthermore, many of the earlier registered products for control of onion thrips are loosing control efficacy. Onion thrips insensitivity to λ -cyhalothrin (Warrio...

Broadcast plantings of nonhost cultivars (alfalfa, barley, bean, onion, potato, and wheat) in soil in redwood boxes (4.2 x 30 x 14 cm) infested with Heterodera schachtii reduced the initial nematode populations (P = 0.05). The reduction was greater with sugarbeets, a host, than with all other cropping treatments except onion, bean, and fallow (P = 0.05). After 80 days, when the root growth of a...

Onion and garlic are best known for their pungent aromas, but these potent veggies have powerful effects on health and also there is urgent need to identify superior populations, quickly characterize and select elite candidates and breed new varieties for achieving current as well as future food and global health security needs. Hence this review article is focused on the analysis of the biolog...

Anonymous channels are necessary for a multitude of privacy-protecting protocols. Onion routing is probably the best known way to achieve anonymity in practice. However, the cryptographic aspects of onion routing have not been sufficiently explored: no satisfactory definitions of security have been given, and existing constructions have only had ad-hoc security analysis for the most part. We pr...

To investigate the cardioprotective potential of the aqueous extract of Allium cepa Linn. bulb in isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury in Wistar albino rats. In vitro total phenolic, total flavonoid content and 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate radical scavenging activity was measured. Isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury model was used to evaluate in vivo effect of aqueous extract of...