As a vital strategic resource, oil has an essential influence on the world economy, diplomacy and military development. Using trade data to dynamically monitor warn about international risks is urgent need. Based UN Comtrade from 1988 2017, we construct unweighted weighted global networks (OTNs). Complex network theories have some advantages in analyzing as system with numerous economies compli...

Since February this year, the conflict between Russia, one of important exporters crude oil, and Ukraine has gradually intensified, causing international market to worry about supply oil. Together with speculation in United States, oil prices have been moving higher. We use an option portfolio strategy for hedging offset increased costs purchaser firms profits financial markets. a binomial tree...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous studies have reported effects of pollen source on the oil concentration of maize (Zea mays) kernels through modifications to both the embryo/kernel ratio and embryo oil concentration. The present study expands upon previous analyses by addressing pollen source effects on the growth of kernel structures (i.e. pericarp, endosperm and embryo), allocation of embryo chem...

Given n potential oil locations, where each has oil at a certain depth, we seek good trade-offs between the number of oil sources found and the total amount of drilling performed. The cost of exploring a location is proportional to the depth to which it is drilled. The algorithm has no clue about the depths of the oil sources at the different locations or even if there are any. Abstraction of t...