In this study we investigate the economic effects of carbon taxes on the Russian economy. The main findings of this study are the following: an introduction of carbon taxes compensated by an increase in lump-sum subsidies may weak the Russian economy through higher energy costs. Moreover, such an environmental tax reform could induce Dutch disease in Russia because of increases in the domestic ...

Abstract:Non-oil exports are increased in the measures taken, to reduce Iran's dependence on oil revenues. Creating new business areas in different sectors and unused capacities are fac-tors that make it imperative to pay attention to the development of non-oil exports. Ex-port growth is the key to economic recovery for governments. Among non-oil exports, in many countries of the world th...

Government revenues are government income. The main sources of revenue in OECD countries typically taxes and social contributions, with some income from charges for services provided by the state. In countries, may include a significant portion non-tax sources, such as state-owned enterprises or royalties on natural resources. Revenue policy is designed to serve multiple purposes. most fundamen...

Abstract   his study employs a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model to investigate the macroeconomic shocks on Malaysian tourism industry, especially how the economy dynamically responds to oil price shocks, exchange rates, changes in price level, exports, economic growth and tourism income during the study time period from January 2001 to December 2012. The results indicate that oil...

This paper examines whether occupancy of seats affects stock returns airline companies and how this relationship is affected by WTI oil prices. Our approach combines revenues (occupancy) costs (oil prices) for 33 U.S. from 1990 to 2019. Using travel capacity utilization data carriers at monthly frequency exploiting fixed-effects regression models, we document a positive relation between returns...

Oil prices and revenues are important in economic activity because the rentier Iraqi economy relies on oil to finance public expenditures achieve monetary stability. this study investigates impact of price changes stability from 1990 2020. using co integration methodology )FMOLS, DOLS( model, This is achieved measure changing exchange rate, interest inflation rate. The concluded that had a nega...