The volatility of oil prices has increased visibly in the last decade. Undoubtedly, occurrence affects economics exporting and importing differently. Increases positively affect economic indicators economies, while decreases have negative effects. In this regard, increases attracted researchers’ attention, a vast literature is found investigating both countries as well advanced emerging market ...

Oil sector is the most effective sector in these countries. Oil is the most important product that world industries use as the cheapest energy. The price of oil depends on the world’s supply and demand and many economic, political and geographical variables. This is the reason why the price of oil has fluctuations. The fluctuations in oil price lead to fluctuate in the oil revenues of the membe...

Abstract Transnational corporations play a major, but poorly constrained, role in reallocating global water resources. Here, we couple high-resolution, company-specific trade data with hydrological and crop models to estimate the virtual of top 9 transnational that Brazilian soy. We identify 4429 flows connecting 1620 municipalities top-10 soy importing countries find total flow increased from ...

Globally, non-cereal crops such as vegetable oils and their associated products will surpass cereals in demand by 2050, according to the World Bank (WB). Despite being considered an energy-efficient food crop, production supply capability of rapeseed is mostly influenced climate conditions. Aiming this context, study explored how temperature rainfall patterns influence production, well prices m...

The novel notion of importing logics is introduced, subsuming as special cases several kinds of asymmetric combination mechanisms, like temporalization [8, 9], modalization [7] and exogenous enrichment [13, 5, 12, 4, 1]. The graph-theoretic approach proposed in [15] is used, but formulas are identified with irreducible paths in the signature multi-graph instead of equivalence classes of such pa...

Most trade literature is concerned with ''gains from free trade" under the assumption that traded goody are produced under complete property rights. Seldom have researchers examined the consequences of free trade in the presence of incomplete properly rights over renewable natural resource In this paper, we explore these consequences. In particular, we look at the welfare effects of trade betwe...

The populations of West African countries continue to grow at rates exceeding three per cent per year. The international food price spike of 2008 focused attention on the risks to national security and livelihoods associated with importing significant quantities of food; and government and donor investment strategies now focus on ensuring national food security. Since rice is a key staple crop ...

Safeguarding the energy security is an important energy policy goal of every country. Assuring sufficient and reliable resources of energy at affordable prices is the main objective of energy security. Due to such reasons as special geopolitical position, terrorist attacks and other unrest in the Middle East, securing Iran’s energy demand and increasing her natural gas exports have turned into ...