Two standards that are widely used by many countries in designing offshore gas transmission pipelines American Standard – ASME B31.8, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems Norwegian DNVGL-ST-F101, Submarine Pipeline System. A thorough understanding of these is vital determining optimal pipeline design to ensure integrity for safe sustainable operations, as well striving economic effi...

BACKGROUND Health management tools need to be developed to foster healthy ageing at work and sustain employability of ageing work-forces. The objectives of this study were to 1) perform a needs assessment to identify the needs of offshore workers in the Dutch Continental Shelf with regard to healthy ageing at work and 2) to define suitable program objectives for a future healthy ageing at work ...

Transmission and distribution pipelines have a significant role in the oil and gas industries. Pipelines are facing different threat like corrosion, improper design and incorrect operation. Gas vapor released from a pipeline (owned by NIOC) failure spread out and reached to ignition source. Due to gas outdoor spreading, “flash fire” occurred and flame return caused “vapor cloud explosion” of ga...

Large offshore wind farms are recently emerging as promising alternative power Sources. Long distances between offshore generation and onshore distribution grid demand new solutions for their connect alternative to conventional AC transmission above a certain cable length. This paper presents a new VSC transmission topology for HVDC grid connection of offshore wind farms.

A new underwater 3D scanning device based on structured illumination and designed for continuous capture of object data in motion deep sea inspection applications is introduced. The sensor permanently captures the inspected surface generates a model real time. Sensor velocities up to 0.7 m/s are directly compensated while capturing camera images reconstruction pipeline. accuracy results static ...

Introduction......................................................................................................................... 1 The Model........................................................................................................................... 2 Overview of the four stages ............................................................................................ 2 Sta...

Examination of surficial sediments at 16 stations shows minor, but consistent differences in the numbers and kinds of siliceous microfossils deposited in different regions of Lake Baikal. There is a general north-south decreasing trend in total microfossil abundance on a weight basis. Endemic plankton diatom species are the most abundant component of assemblages at all stations. Chrysophyte cys...

SEI S.p.a. presented a project to build 1320 MW coal-fired power plant in Saline Joniche, on the Southern tip of Calabria Region, Italy, 2008. A gross early evaluation about possibility add CCS (CO2 Capture & Storage) was performed too. The generated widespread opposition among environmental associations, citizens and local institutions that period, against coal use produce energy, as conse...

In 2001-2003, >60,000 km of aerial surveys and 7,700 km of vessel surveys were conducted during June to November when critically endangered Korean-Okhotsk or western gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) were present off the northeast coast of Sakhalin Island, Russia. Results of surveys in all years indicated gray whales occurred in predominantly two areas, (1) adjacent to Piltun Bay, and (2) off...

Structural optimization of offshore wind turbine structures has become an important issue in the past years due to the noticeable developments in offshore wind industry. However, considering the offshore wind turbines’ size and environment, this task is outstandingly difficult. To overcome this barrier, in this paper, a metaheuristic algorithm called Enhanced Colliding Bodies Optimization...