Populations of output neurons in the mammalian olfactory bulb (OB) exhibit distinct, widespread spatial and temporal activation patterns when stimulated with odorants. However, questions remain as to how ensembles of mitral/tufted (M/T) neurons in the mammalian OB represent odorant information. In this report, the single trial encoding limits of random ensembles of putative singleand multi-unit...

The chemical properties that determine the distribution of the electro-olfactogram were studied after exposure of a large area of the rat olfactory epithelium. Multiple electrodes were placed along the rostral border of endoturbinate IV on the midline of the nasal cavity. This array of electrodes spanned a region containing the four receptor gene expression zones described for the rat. The resp...

Odorants induce specific modulation of mitral/tufted (MT) cells' firing rate in the mammalian olfactory bulb (OB), inducing temporal patterns of neuronal discharge embedded in an oscillatory local field potential (LFP). While most studies have examined anesthetized animals, little is known about the firing rate and temporal patterns of OB single units and population activity in awake behaving m...

Air sampling and characterization of odorous livestock gases is one of the most challenging analytical tasks. This is because of low concentrations, physicochemical properties, and problems with sample recoveries for typical odorants. Livestock operations emit a very complex mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other gases. Many of these gases are odorous. Relatively little is known...

Roasted stem tea has a characteristic flavour, which is obtained by roasting tea stems, by-product of green tea production. The difference between roasted stem and leaf tea derived from the same tea plants were investigated using GC–MS. Pyrazine compounds exhibited a roasted odour and high flavour dilution (FD) factors, as determined via aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Roasted stem tea ...

The mammalian olfactory system processes odorants presented orthonasally (inhalation through the nose) and also retronasally (exhalation), enabling identification of both external as well as internal objects during food consumption. There are distinct differences between ortho- and retronasal air flow patterns, psychophysics, multimodal integration, and glomerular responses. Recent work indicat...

Swine (Sus scrofa) slurry stored in open storages is a source of airborne contaminants. A customary practice for ammonia and odor control consists of covering the surface of the slurry with floating materials, such as straw. Although straw covers have been proven to generally reduce gaseous emissions, more knowledge is needed regarding how age, moisture content, and microbiological development ...

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2)/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK) plays a significant role in neuronal survival, including odorant-induced, activity-dependent survival of olfactory sensory neurons in the main olfactory epithelium. Here, we examined the role of MAPK for the survival of neurons in the olfactory bulb. To study odorant-induced activation of MAPK in th...

Sniffing is a characteristic odor sampling behavior in various mammalian species, which is associated with an increase in both nasal airflow rate and breathing frequency. Although the importance of sniffing in olfaction is well recognized, it has been challenging to separate the effect of airflow rate and sniffing frequency in vivo. In this study, we examined the individual effects of airflow r...

The olfactory pathway in the insect brain is anatomically well described from the antennal lobe (AL) to the mushroom bodies and the lateral protocerebrum (LP) in several species. Less is known about the further connections of the olfactory network in protocerebrum and how information about relevant plant odorants and mixtures are represented in this network, resulting in output information medi...