To estimate the time delay between the planetary temperature change and the change of the incoming solar radiation fraction absorbed by the ocean and the atmosphere, the analytical energy balance model is presented. The model generalization allows of using averaged data for model parameterization. Using the model, the time delay is investigated on four model cases of absorbed radiation change. ...

The conversion of sunlight into electricity has been dominated by photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation. Photovoltaic cells are deployed widely, mostly as flat panels, whereas solar thermal electricity generation relying on optical concentrators and mechanical heat engines is only seen in large-scale power plants. Here we demonstrate a promising flat-panel solar thermal to electric po...

Due to global climate change and the security of energy supplies, a major scientific challenge of the 21st century is to change our current fossil-fuel-based economy to the one that is more sustainable. Among the various sources of renewable energy, solar energy is essentially unlimited and consequently, one of the most promising sources to meet the world’s growing energy demand. Solar photovol...

Having a large surface area, high mechanical strength, excellent electrical and thermal properties, graphene is attractive for a wide range of potential applications, including energy conversion and storage. To realize commercial reality of graphene-based energy devices, it is highly desirable to produce high-quality graphene at a low cost and large scale. In this review, we will give an overvi...

We review recent advances in the fundamental understanding and technological applications of radiative processes for energy harvesting, conversion, efficiency, and sustainability. State-of-the-art and remaining challenges are discussed, together with the latest developments outlined in the papers comprising this focus issue. The topics range from the fundamentals of the thermal emission manipul...

in this paper, to address the effect of reactor performance and configuration of biodiesel production on subsequent process parameters (including mass & energy consumption, required facilities etc.) two diverse biodiesel production processes (from plant oil) were implemented/designed using aspen hysys v7.2. two series reactors were taken into account in these designs where in the first and seco...

Detailed knowledge of thermal conversion processes becomes increasingly important in order to formulate mathematical models for the design and optimization of chemical reactors employed in energy and chemicals recovery from biomass. Since heat of reaction has an important influence on the course of thermal conversion, the corresponding kinetic models should be coupled with heat transfer equatio...

This paper considers the theory of electron field emission from nanoscale emitters with particular focus on thermal and electrical energy transport. The foundational theory of field emission is explored, and a model is presented that accounts explicitly for the energy band curvature produced by nanoscale tip emitters. The results indicate that the inclusion of band curvature strongly influences...

Solar energy is abundantly present in most parts of the world where there are human activities. The vast abundance and inexhaustibility solar energy, when coupled with low carbon footprint its utilization comparison to fossil fuels, makes a very compelling source solving our grand challenges especially contemporary context global warming. Studies have projected life-cycle emissions from power b...